Picture the way a sailboat operates. Its majestic sails catch the wind and power the boat forward. But if a sailboat were only equipped with sails, it would be impossible to steer. It would be blown aimlessly across the water, continuously responding to the constantly shifting direction and velocity of the wind. In order to be manageable, a sailboat needs, deep beneath the bottom of its hull, a keel. A keel is the heavy appendage that extends deep into the water and holds the sailboat down. You may remember the year that the United States lost the America’s Cup race for the first time in more than 100 years. The culprit? The notorious winged keel on the Australian boat. It was the keel, not the sails that made the difference.

A sailboat with ...

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