21st Century Security and CPTED, 2nd Edition

59

6

Understanding CPTED and

Situational Crime Prevention*

Severin L. Sorensen, John G.Hayes,

and Randall I. Atlas

*

Portions of the text in this chapter consist of articles and other publications previously written by the author including

possible portions found in the following Wiley publications: Architectural Graphics Standards, 10th Edition, Ramsey/

Hoke, The American Institute of Architects, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471348163, Copyright 2000; Security Planning

and Design: A Guide for Architects and Building Design Professionals, Demkin, The American Institute of Architects,

John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471271567, Copyright 2004. We offer special thanks to the American Institute of Architects

and John Wiley & Sons for permission to reproduce common content in this work.

CONTENTS

In the Beginning ...............................................................................................................................60

Contemporary Criminological Thinking on Crime, Criminals, and Potential Targets ....................60

Target Selection ...........................................................................................................................62

Potential Offenders’ Perspective ................................................................................................. 63

Concept of Capable Guardian ..................................................................................................... 63

Criminal Choice ..........................................................................................................................64

CPTED as Defensible Space ....................................................................................................... 64

Basic Crime Prevention Assumptions ..............................................................................................68

Natural Access Control ...............................................................................................................70

Mechanical Access Control .........................................................................................................70

Organized Access Control ........................................................................................................... 71

Natural Surveillance ....................................................................................................................71

Natural Territorial Reinforcement/Boundary Denition .............................................................72

Expansion of Basic CPTED ............................................................................................................. 74

Management and Maintenance ................................................................................................... 74

Legitimate Activity Support ........................................................................................................ 77

Displacement ....................................................................................................................................79

Avoiding Conicting User Groups and Incompatible Land Uses ....................................................79

Beyond the 3-D Concept ..................................................................................................................80

3-Ds Plus .....................................................................................................................................80

CPTED’s Inuence on Situational Crime Prevention ......................................................................82

Applications of Situational CPTED .................................................................................................85

Fort Lauderdale, Florida ..............................................................................................................86

Cincinnati, Ohio ..........................................................................................................................86

Advances in Situational Crime Prevention Offer Additional CPTED Opportunities

forCrime Reduction ....................................................................................................................88

Other CPTED Resources.............................................................................................................88

Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 88

Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................89

References ........................................................................................................................................89