21st Century Security and CPTED, 2nd Edition

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14

Problem Seeking before

Problem Solving

Risk Assessment

RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk is the potential for a loss of or damage to an asset. Risk is based on the likelihood or probability

of the hazard occurring and the consequences of the occurrence (FEMA 426, 2003, pp. 1–35).

The fourth step in the assessment process is to prepare a risk assessment for the proposed site and

building (see Figure 14.1). The risk assessment analyzes the threat/hazard, asset value, and vulner-

ability to ascertain the level of risk for each critical asset against each applicable threat or natural

hazard. The risk assessment process involves the following tasks:

1. Preparing the risk assessment matrices

2. Determining the risk ratings

3. Prioritizing observations in the Building Vulnerability Assessment Checklist

There are a number of means and methods to conduct a building risk assessment, and the steps can

be accomplished in different sequences. However, they all have one common objective, which is

to apply a quantitative assessment process that identies those assets at highest risk and evaluate

mitigation measures that can reduce that risk. It is possible to calculate risk using the results of the

asset value, threat, and vulnerability described earlier. A risk assessment should be conducted and

documented for existing and newly constructed premises. If a documented risk assessment does not

exist, one should be conducted for existing premises. A risk assessment should be conducted if there

are changes of ownership or change in the type of occupancy or mission of the building.

PREPARING THE RISK ASSESSMENT MATRICES (STEP 4—TASK 4.1)

To estimate risk, a number of factors need to be taken into consideration (AIA 2004; ASCE 2010;

FEMA 452 2005; FEMA 426 2003; FEMA 426 2010; NIOSH 2003; and 1999 State Domestic

Program). Risk can be computed using the results of the threat/hazard rating, asset value, and vul-

nerability rating. The rst factor is to identify and rate the threats and/or natural hazards that could

cause harm to a building and its inhabitants. Next, the value of assets and people that need to be pro-

tected should be identied. After threats and assets are identied, a vulnerability rating that identies

CONTENTS

Risk Assessment.............................................................................................................................207

Preparing the Risk Assessment Matrices (Step 4—Task 4.1) ........................................................ 207

Determining the Risk Ratings (Step 4—Task 4.2) ......................................................................... 212

Prioritizing Observations in the Building Vulnerability Assessment (Step 4—Task 4.3) .............. 212

Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 215

References ...................................................................................................................................... 215