21st Century Security and CPTED, 2nd Edition

217

15

Problem Solving (Finally!)

Mitigation Options:

OrBeCarefulWhat You Ask

for, You MayGet It! BeClear

What You Ask for!

SECURITY PROGRAM

It is possible to implement a robust security program following a full security risk assessment. This

risk assessment helps identify those hazards that would lead to situations with the greatest prob-

ability for occurring, and the greatest severity to the operation. These hazards are the rst priority

for future security program training, risk mitigation, and response preparation.

Prevention and mitigation strategies can include the following:

1. CPTED principles

2. Physical security devices

3. Electronic security devices

4. Security personnel

5. Administrative procedures including supervision, training, preemployment screening,

documentation

CONTENTS

Security Program ........................................................................................................................... 217

Identifying Preliminary Mitigation Options (Step 5—Task 5.1) ................................................... 219

Regulatory Measures .................................................................................................................220

Repair and Strengthening of Existing Buildings .......................................................................220

Protective and Control Measures ..............................................................................................220

Reviewing Mitigation Options (Step 5—Task 5.2) ........................................................................ 221

Estimating Cost (Step 5—Task 5.3) ...............................................................................................223

Setting Priorities ........................................................................................................................224

Applicability of Benet/Cost to Terrorist Threats .....................................................................224

Selecting, Prioritizing, and IntegratingMitigation Measures (Step 5—Task 5.4) .........................225

Mitigation Options ......................................................................................................................... 229

Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 250

References ......................................................................................................................................252

218 21st Century Security and CPTED

To formulate a security program, it is rst necessary to complete each stage of the risk assessment

process. In order to assess the degree of security needed for a particular location, it is necessary to

consider the following factors:

• Type of business

• Attractiveness to the criminal in terms of goods, cash, and possible condential

information

• Potential escape routes for the removal of stolen goods (these may not be the same as the

entry route)

• Ease of access from either the streets, open areas, adjacent roofs, floors above and

below the premises concerned if not under single occupancy, and from adjoining

premises

• Degree of inherent security of the premises in relation to its construction

• Vulnerability relative to local trends in crime

• Surveillance provided either by normal public activity, routine police patrol of the area or

by security patrolling of the premises or its surroundings

The security assessment process follows a logical ow (FEMA 452, 2010). We have already

addressed the rst four steps, and now the fth and nal stage is ready for implementation, mitiga-

tion options, problem solving:

Step 1: Threat assessment

Identify each threat and hazard

Determine the design parameters

Determine the threat and hazard rating

Step 2: Assets value

Understand the asset value

Identify the building core functions and infrastructure

Determine the asset value rating

Step 3: Vulnerability analysis

Identify the layers of defense

Understand redundancy factors

Conduct the site inspection

Prepare a vulnerability portfolio

Determine the vulnerability rating

Step 4: Risk assessment

What is the likelihood?

What is the impact of occurrence regarding loss of life, property, and business continuity?

Determine the relative risk for each threat against each asset

Prepare the risk assessment matrix

Determine the risk ratings

Prioritize observations in the building vulnerability assessment

Step 5: Mitigation options

Identifying preliminary mitigation options

Reviewing mitigation options

Estimating costs

Selecting, prioritizing, and integrating mitigation options