21st Century Security and CPTED, 2nd Edition

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18

ATRiM for Critical

Infrastructure Protection

Gregory Saville

Is it possible to prepare adequately for terror attacks? There is obvious benet to assembling

important agencies to coordinate responses during the rst critical moments of an attack. Most emer-

gency plans dedicate a signicant portion of their content to responses. The sad fact of those plans is

that they prepare for responding during or after the attack has already happened. By denition, the

emergency response is NOT an act of prevention or mitigation of the crime and terror. In truth, there

are very few critical infrastructure protection models available for antiterrorism prevention.

This chapter describes the recent development of one such model—ATRiM, the Antiterror Risk

Infrastructure Protection Model—a new computerized critical infrastructure protection system that

combines the proven prevention strategies of CPTED and environmental security with the training

and software package of modern technology. In terms of the risk-assessment process described in

Chapters 11 through 14, ATRiM completes the vulnerability and asset analysis portion of the secu-

rity review process.

Unlike prevention of crime, prevention of terror events is relatively new. Critical infrastructure

in this chapter refers to nonmilitary infrastructure. That is because military security systems, such

as simulations for blast effects and chemical plume dispersion models, are rarely shared with the

public. This is in spite of the fact that almost 80% of all critical infrastructures are owned and oper-

ated by public, nonmilitary sources.

Critical infrastructures present some unique vulnerability challenges such as cascading and escalat-

ing failures. Cascading occurs when attacking one target cascades to affect other similarinfrastructures.

CONTENTS

Lessons from the Past ....................................................................................................................290

A Critical Infrastructure Protection Plan .......................................................................................290

Introduction to the Problem ........................................................................................................... 291

Critical Infrastructure and Terrorism .............................................................................................292

Do We Know What Kind of Attacks Terrorists Will Use? ........................................................ 292

ATRiM’s Audit Process..................................................................................................................293

Beyond Checklists .....................................................................................................................293

Documenting Data within Each Cell.........................................................................................294

Audit Process ............................................................................................................................294

Primary and Secondary Audit Teams ........................................................................................ 295

Applying the Matrix Cells during the Audit Process ................................................................297

Planning Process ............................................................................................................................297

Phase 1: Asset Identication and Vulnerabilities ......................................................................297

Phase 2: The Audit ....................................................................................................................297

Phase 3: Implementation ........................................................................................................... 298

Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 298

References ......................................................................................................................................298