401
21
Designing Safe Communities
and Neighborhoods*
*
Portions of the text in this chapter consist of articles and other publications previously written by the author including
possible portions found in the following Wiley publications: Planning and Urban Design Standards, Steiner et al.,
American Planning Association, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471475815, 2007. We offer special thanks to the American
Planning Association and John Wiley & Sons for permission to reproduce common content in this work.
CONTENTS
Safe Neighborhoods? .....................................................................................................................402
Gated Community Crime Study.....................................................................................................403
Do Gates Matter? ...........................................................................................................................406
What Is a Neighborhood? ..............................................................................................................406
Neighborhood Has a Discernible Center and an Edge ..............................................................408
Certain Prominent Sites Are Reserved for Civic Buildings ......................................................409
Buildings at the Neighborhood Center Are Placed Close to the Street .....................................409
Most of the Dwellings Are within a 5-Minute Walk to the Center ........................................... 412
There Are a Variety of Dwelling Types within the Neighborhood ............................................ 413
Small Ancillary Building Is Permitted within the Backyard of Each House ............................ 413
There Are Small Playgrounds Quite Near Every Dwelling ...................................................... 415
There Is an Elementary School Close Enough So That Most Children Can Walk
fromTheirDwelling ................................................................................................................. 415
Streets within the Neighborhood Act as a Connected Grid Network ........................................ 416
Streets Are Relatively Narrow and Shaded by Rows of Trees .................................................. 416
Parking Lots and Garage Doors Rarely Face the Streets .......................................................... 416
There Are Shops and Ofces at the Core and Edge of the Neighborhood ................................ 417
Neighborhood Is Organized to Be Self-Governing ................................................................... 417
New Urbanism/Sprawl Controversy ..............................................................................................420
Provide Clear Border Denition of Controlled Space ..............................................................422
Provide Clearly Marked Transitional Zones ............................................................................. 423
Relocation of Gathering Areas .................................................................................................. 423
Place Safe Activities in Unsafe Locations.................................................................................423
Place Unsafe Activities in Safe Locations.................................................................................423
Redesignate the Use of Space to Provide Natural Barriers .......................................................423
Improve Scheduling of Space ...................................................................................................424
Redesign or Revamp Space to Increase the Perception of Natural Surveillance ......................425
Overcome Distance and Isolation .............................................................................................426
Sheep in Wolfs Clothing ............................................................................................................... 426
Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 432
Appendix A: Smart Code Module: Crime Prevention through Environmental Design ................. 432
Appendix B: Smart Growth CPTED Module:Annotation Safe Growth and CPTED ..................442
Chapter References ........................................................................................................................ 498

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