19Verticals
Antti Toskala and Harri Holma
Nokia, Finland
19.1 Introduction
5G and 5G-Advanced radio with high capabilities can be applied to many use cases beyond mobile broadband. Verticals refers to the use of 5G for these new application areas. This chapter presents vertical use cases from satellites and drones to public safety, train networks, and automotive. 5G started to provide support for some verticals and 5G-Advanced added wider support for different verticals. In many cases, the solutions have commonalities and are suitable for more than just a single vertical use case. Also, unlicensed use is covered.
19.2 Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
3GPP studied support for NTN for 5G in Releases 15 and 16 [1], and specified in Release 17 the support for the transparent NTN architecture with the gNB on Earth and the satellite payload acting as a repeater for providing coverage on Earth’s surface. This has the advantage that the changes and maintenance needed in the gNb are naturally easier to implement compared to the case when the gNB functionality would be part of the satellite payload. This architecture is shown in Figure 19.1. In Release 19, 3GPP is expected to introduce support for the nontransparent architecture with the gNB functionality located ...
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