Preface
Historically, secret codes and ciphers were placed in the realm of espionage and diplomacy. Although some people considered the mathematics of devising and breaking codes, it remained for a long time a discipline on the fringes of mathematics. Several things changed this view. First, sophisticated mathematical techniques were developed during the Second World War to aid in the cryptanalysis of the Enigma code and other war time ciphers. Then the widespread usage of computers and the advent of the internet led to the need of sending financial and other sensitive information over public channels. This sparked an intensive development of mathematical cryptography, both symmetric and public key.
Traditionally, cryptography refers to the science ...
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