Appendix C. Solutions to Selected Exercises

Chapter 1

1.1

For this exercise, we use the following two arguments for the ls(1) command: -i prints the i-node number of the file or directory (we say more about i-nodes in Section 4.14), and -d prints information about a directory instead of information on all the files in the directory.

Execute the following:

   $ ls -ldi /etc/. /etc/..            -i says print i-node number
    162561 drwxr-xr-x  66 root     4096 Feb  5 03:59 /etc/./
         2 drwxr-xr-x  19 root     4096 Jan 15 07:25 /etc/../
   $ ls -ldi /. /..                    both . and .. have i-node number 2
         2 drwxr-xr-x  19 root     4096 Jan 15 07:25 /./
         2 drwxr-xr-x  19 root     4096 Jan 15 07:25 /../

1.2

The UNIX System is a multiprogramming, or multitasking, system. Other processes were running at the time ...

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