Chapter 1

Basic Finance

In this chapter we consider assets whose future values are completely determined by a fixed interest rate. If the asset is guaranteed, as in the case of an insured savings account or a government bond (which, typically, has only a small likelihood of default), then the asset is said to be risk-free. By contrast, a risky asset, such as a stock or commodity, is one whose future values cannot be determined with certainty. As we shall see in later chapters, mathematical models that describe the values of a risky asset typically include a risk-free component. Our first goal then is to describe how risk-free assets are valued, which is the content of this chapter.

1.1    Interest

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