7Symmetrical Components

The three‐phase networks of electrical energy distribution are set in normal operation symmetrical three‐phase systems in which the currents and voltages of the three conductors L1, L2, and L3 are equal in magnitude. The symmetrical three‐phase system can therefore also be simulated by a single‐pole replacement circuit, which makes the calculation very easy. It is sufficient to supply voltages, currents, and power in one phase. This symmetry can be disturbed by errors, e.g. a single‐pole earth short‐circuit; by switching actions, e.g. a single‐pole short sub‐calculation; or by asymmetrical load. A single‐pole replacement circuit is therefore no longer possible. For this the method of “Symmetrical components” is used. ...

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