Chapter 5
Filtering and Transformations
Wolfgang Birkfellner
5.1 The Filtering Operation
A filter in mathematics or signal processing describes a function that modifies an incoming signal. Since images are two- or three dimensional signals, a filter operation can, for instance, remove noise or enhance the contrast of the image. In this chapter, we will learn about some basic filtering operations, the basics of signal processing, and we will encounter a powerful tool in signal processing.
In order to get a systematic overview of filtering operations, a completely non-medical example might prove useful. We know that a convex lens, made of a material that changes the speed of light, can focus incoming light. Crown glass, with a refractive index ...
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