1The R‐Package, Sampling Procedures, and Random Variables
1.1 Introduction
In this chapter we give an overview of the software package R and introduce basic knowledge about random variables and sampling procedures.
1.2 The Statistical Software Package R
In practical investigations, professional statistical software is used to design experiments or to analyse data already collected. We apply here the software package R. Anybody can extend the functionality of R without any restrictions using free software tools; moreover, it is also possible to implement special statistical methods as well as certain procedures of C and FORTRAN. Such tools are offered on the internet in standardised archives. The most popular archive is probably CRAN (Comprehensive R Archive Network), a server net that is supervised by the R Development Core Team. This net also offers the package OPDOE (optimal design of experiments), which was thoroughly described in Rasch et al. (2011). Further it offers the following packages used in this book: car, lme4, DunnettTests, VCA, lmerTest, mvtnorm, seqtest, faraway, MASS, glm2, geoR, gstat.
Apart from only a few exceptions, R contains implementations for all statistical methods concerning analysis, evaluation, and planning. We refer for details to Crawley (2013).
The software package R is available free of charge from http://cran.r‐project.org for the operating systems Linux, MacOS X, and Windows. The installation under Microsoft Windows takes place via ‘Windows’. ...
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