2.3. Sound Waves and Shear Waves in Marine Sediments
Most marine sediments are composed of mineral particles, pore fluid, and organic matter, although near-shore wave breaking, or methane seeps in organic-rich muddy sediments [31], may also introduce free gas into the pore spaces. Many marine sediments, however, can be treated as fully saturated, two-phase, unconsolidated granular media, consisting of mineral grains and seawater, in which the grains are in contact but not bonded together. Sediments are broadly classified as sands, silts, and clays, in descending order of particle size, with the mean grain sizes ranging from 2.0 mm for the coarsest sands to less than 1 μm for the finest clays.
Sand grains are noncohesive, having little or no surface ...
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