2.1 Is leadership prepared?2.1.1 Are business and product leaders truly ready to slow down the delivery of new features to allow modernization?2.1.2 Do leaders understand that legacy systems and ways of working are complex and difficult to change?2.1.3 How will leaders react when the unexpected occurs (which is inevitable) and there are major delays or increased costs?2.1.4 Are leaders ready to change how they work? Can you imagine leadership supporting changes to funding models, work prioritization, and development processes and empowering teams to make more decisions?2.1.5 Are leaders willing to invest sufficient time and funds into learning and training for all employees so that they can carry out modernization skillfully?2.1.6 Will technologists be able to articulate to business leaders and other stakeholders the business and organizational benefits of their ideas?2.2 Prepare to embrace a new architecture mindset2.2.1 Prepare to embrace Conway’s law2.2.2 Prepare to embrace collaborative architecture practices2.2.3 Prepare to connect architecture and strategy2.2.4 Prepare to move beyond business and IT silos2.3 Industry example: Hitting the right note—modernizing music royalty processing at ICE2.4 Beware of modernization silver bullets2.4.1 Beware of bolt-on modernization2.4.2 Beware of the structure and process fallacy2.4.3 Prepare to invest in quality technical practices2.5 Prepare to support leaders at all levelsSummary