The liquid crystal display (LCD) screen displays output from the Arduino, so that the Arduino does not need to be connected to a computer screen or laptop. A 16×4 LCD with a HD44780 controller is used in the chapter, which can display four rows of 16 characters per row, with each character defined by an 8×5–pixel array. LCDs have different sizes such as 16×2, 16×4, 20×2, and 20×4.
The LCD has 16 pins numbered from left to right, when looking down on the screen. Some LCDs have no backlight function, so pins ...
