Artificial Intelligence in Digital Holographic Imaging

24Analysis of Cardiomyocytes with Holographic Image‐based Tracking

24.1 Introduction

DHM is a promising tool with a remarkable role in live‐cell analysis by providing quantitative phase images well‐suited to study cell behavior without labels. In Chapter 23, we showed that cardiomyocyte (CM) responses to pharmacological compounds could be quantitatively characterized by monitoring dry‐mass changes. However, developing a high‐throughput screening system to monitor the beating behavior of human‐induced pluripotent stem cell–derived (HiPSC) at the single‐cell level remains essential. Obtaining functional signals that reveal detailed information about pharmacological effects on CM contractility at the single‐cell level has several challenges. Optical flow‐based motion‐tracking methods allow the monitoring of CM contractile activity without needing a physical contact. In particular, the Farneback dense optical‐flow algorithm uses single‐pixel displacement detection to track moving objects. Furthermore, a combination of DHM and optical flow‐based analysis can enable us to observe CMs for a long time at the single cell level. Using motion waveforms obtained from single CMs, the motion speed measurement and dynamic parameters of CMs, including the contraction, relaxation, beating, and resting periods, can be automatically quantified at the single cell level.

In this chapter, we will introduce a novel platform to integrate DHM and Farneback dense optical flow for single‐CM contractile ...