ASTD Handbook: The Definitive Reference for Training & Development (2nd Edition)

Section IV

Delivering T&D Solutions That Make a Difference

Luminary Perspective

Bob Pike

Reread the title for this section of the Handbook. There’s one word that stands out for me. What’s your guess? If you guessed difference, you’re right. And where do you think the word difference came from? It might have come from a variety of places, but it is used most often and, in my opinion, most significantly in Don Kirkpatrick’s four levels of evaluation model. Here is his model—and my interpretation of it:

	Kirkpatrick	My Interpretation
Level 1	Reaction	Did they like it? (smile sheets)
Level 2	Learning	Did they learn it? (testing)
Level 3	Behavior	Did they use it? (on-the-job observation)
Level 4	Results	Did it make a difference? (pre-/post-intervention benchmarking) ...