Chapter 5. Dialplan Basics
Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.
—Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
The dialplan is truly the heart of any Asterisk system, as it defines how Asterisk handles inbound and outbound calls. In a nutshell, it consists of a list of instructions or steps that Asterisk will follow. Unlike traditional phone systems, Asterisk’s dialplan is fully customizable. To successfully set up your own Asterisk system, you will need to understand the dialplan.
If writing a dialplan sounds overwhelming, don’t worry. This chapter explains how dialplans work in a step-by-step manner and teaches the skills necessary to create your own. The examples have been designed to build upon one another, so feel free to go back and re-read a section if something doesn’t quite make sense. Please also note that this chapter is by no means an exhaustive survey of all the possible things dialplans can do; our aim is to cover just the fundamentals. We’ll cover more advanced dialplan topics in later chapters.
Dialplan Syntax
The Asterisk dialplan is specified in the configuration file named extensions.conf.
Tip
The extensions.conf file usually resides in the /etc/asterisk/ directory, but its location may vary depending on how you installed Asterisk. Other common locations for this file include /usr/local/asterisk/etc/ and /opt/asterisk/etc/.
The dialplan is made up of four main parts: contexts, extensions, priorities, and applications. In the next few sections, we’ll cover each ...
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