Book description
This book is essential for audio power amplifier designers and engineers for one simple reason...it enables you as a professional to develop reliable, high-performance circuits. The Author Douglas Self covers the major issues of distortion and linearity, power supplies, overload, DC-protection and reactive loading. He also tackles unusual forms of compensation and distortion produced by capacitors and fuses.Table of contents
- Cover
- Half Title
- Full Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preface to Fifth Edition
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general survey
- Chapter 2 Power Amplifier Architecture and Negative Feedback
-
Chapter 3 The General Principles of Power Amplifiers
- How a generic amplifi er works
- The advantages of the conventional
-
The distortion mechanisms
- Distortion 1: Input stage distortion
- Distortion 2: VAS distortion
- Distortion 3: Output stage distortion
- Distortion 4: VAS-loading distortion
- Distortion 5: Rail-decoupling distortion
- Distortion 6: Induction distortion
- Distortion 7: NFB take-off distortion
- Distortion 8: Capacitor distortion
- Distortion 9: Magnetic distortion
- Distortion 10: Input current distortion
- Distortion 11: Premature overload protection
- Nonexistent or negligible distortions
- The performance of a standard amplifier
- Open-loop linearity and how to determine it
- Direct open-loop gain measurement
- Using model amplifi ers
- The concept of the Blameless amplifi er
-
Chapter 4 The Input Stage
- The role of the input stage
- Distortion from the input stage
- BJTs versus FETs for the input stage
- Singleton input stage versus differential pair
- The input stage distortion in isolation
- Input stage balance
- The Joy of Current-Mirrors
- Better current-mirrors
- Improving input stage linearity
- Further improving input linearity
- Increasing the output capability
- Input stage cascode confi gurations
- Double input stages
- Input stage common-mode distortion
- Input current distortion
- Input stage noise and how to reduce it
- Noise sources in power amplifi ers
- Noise in bipolar transistors
- Reducing input transistor noise
- Offset and match: the DC precision issue
- The input stage and the slew rate
- Input stage conclusions
-
Chapter 5 The Voltage-Amplifier Stage
- Measuring VAS distortion in isolation
- VAS operation
- VAS distortion
- Linearizing the VAS: active-load techniques
- VAS enhancements
- Some more VAS variations
- VAS operating conditions
- The importance of voltage drive
- The push – pull VAS
- The high-current capability VAS
- Single input stages
- Double input stages
- Manipulating open-loop bandwidth
- Conclusions
-
Chapter 6 The output stage
- Classes and devices
- The distortions of the output
- The emitter-follower (EF) output
- The complementary feedback pair (CFP) output
- Output stages with gain
- Quasi-complementary outputs
- Triple-EF output stages
- Quadruple output stages
- Output stage distortions and their mechanisms
- Large-signal distortion (Distortion 3a)
- Crossover distortion (Distortion 3b)
- Switching distortion (Distortion 3c)
- Thermal distortion
- Thermal distortion in a power amp IC
- Selecting an output stage
- Closing the loop: distortion in complete amplifiers
- Conclusions
-
Chapter 7 More distortion mechanisms
- Distortion 4: VAS-loading distortion
- Distortion 5: Rail-decoupling distortion
- Distortion 6: Induction distortion
- Distortion 7: NFB take-off point distortion
- Distortion 8: Capacitor distortion
- Distortion 9: Magnetic distortion
- Distortion 10: Input current distortion
- Distortion 11: Premature overload protection
- Design example – a 50 W Class-B amplifier
-
Chapter 8 Compensation, slew rate, and stability
- Frequency compensation in general
- Dominant-pole compensation
- Lag compensation
- Including the output stage: output - inclusive Miller compensation
- Other forms of inclusive compensation
- Two-pole compensation
- Stability and VAS-collector-to-ground capacitance
- Nested feedback loops
- Output networks
- Crosstalk in amplifier output inductors
- Reactive loads and speaker simulation
- Loudspeaker loads and output stages
- Enhanced loudspeaker currents
- Amplifier instability
- Speed and slew rate in audio amplifiers
- Chapter 9 Power supplies and PSRR
-
Chapter 10 Class-A power amplifiers
- An introduction to Class-A
- Class-A configurations and efficiency
- Output stages in Class-A
- Quiescent current control systems
- A novel quiescent current controller
- A Class-A design
- The Trimodal amplifier
- Load impedance and operating mode
- Efficiency
- On Trimodal biasing
- Class-A/AB mode
- Class-B mode
- The mode-switching system
- Thermal design
- A complete Trimodal amplifi er circuit
- The power supply
- The performance
- Further possibilities
-
Chapter 11 Class-XDTM : crossover displacement technology
- The crossover displacement principle
- Crossover displacement realization
- Circuit techniques for crossover displacement
- A complete crossover displacement power amplifi er circuit
- The measured performance
- The effect of loading changes
- The effi ciency of crossover displacement
- Other methods of push – pull displacement control
- Summary
-
Chapter 12 Class-G power amplifiers
- The principles of Class-G
- Introducing series Class-G
- Efficiency of Class-G
- Practicalities
- The biasing requirements
- The linearity issues of series Class-G
- The static linearity
- Practical Class-G design
- Controlling small-signal distortion
- The performance
- Deriving a new kind of amplifier: Class-A + C
- Adding two-pole compensation
- Further variations on Class-G
- Chapter 13 Class-D amplifiers
- Chapter 14 FET output stages
-
Chapter 15 Thermal compensation and thermal dynamics
- Why quiescent conditions are critical
- Accuracy required of thermal compensation
- Basic thermal compensation
- Assessing the bias errors
- Thermal simulation
- Modeling the EF output stage
- Modeling the CFP output stage
- The Integrated Absolute Error Criterion
- Improved thermal compensation for the EF stage
- Improved compensation for the CFP output stage
- A better sensor position
- A junction-temperature estimator
- A junction estimator with dynamics
- Conclusions about the simulations
- Power transistors with integral temperature sensors
- Variable-tempco bias generators
- Early effect in output stages
- Thermal dynamics by experiment
-
Chapter 16 The design of DC servos
- DC offset trimming
- DC offset control by servo-loop
- The advantages of DC servos
- Basic servo configurations
- Noise, component values, and the roll-off
- Non-inverting integrators
- Choice of integrator type
- Choice of op-amps
- Servo authority
- Design of LF roll-off point
- Servo overload
- Servo testing
- Performance issues
- Multi-pole servos
-
Chapter 17 Amplifier and loudspeaker protection
- Categories of amplifier protection
-
Overload protection
- Overload protection by fuses
- Electronic overload protection
- Plotting the protection locus
- Simple current limiting
- Single-slope VI limiting
- Dual-slope VI limiting
- VI limiting and temperature effects
- Simulating overload protection systems
- Testing the overload protection
- Speaker short-circuit detection
- Catching diodes
- DC offset protection
- Thermal protection
- Mains-fail detection
- Powering auxiliary circuitry
- Chapter 18 Grounding, cooling, and layout
- Chapter 19 Testing and safety
-
Chapter 20 Power amplifier input systems
- External signal levels
- Internal signal levels
- The choice of op-amps
- Unbalanced inputs
- Balanced interconnections
- Common-mode rejection ratio
- Balanced connectors
- Balanced signal levels
- Balanced inputs: electronic versus transformer
- The basic balanced input
- Common-mode rejection in the basic balanced input
- The practical balanced input
- Combined unbalanced and balanced inputs
- Superbal input
- Switched-gain balanced inputs
- Variable-gain balanced inputs
- High-impedance balanced inputs
- The inverting two-op-amp input
- The instrumentation amplifier
- Transformer balanced inputs
- Input overvoltage protection
- Noise and the input system
- Low-noise balanced inputs
- … And quieter yet
- Noise reduction in real life
- Unbalanced and balanced outputs
- Unbalanced outputs
- Ground-canceling outputs
- Balanced outputs
- Quasi-floating outputs
- Transformer balanced outputs
- Using a balanced power amplifi er interface
-
Chapter 21 Input processing and auxiliary subsystems
- Ground-lift switches
- Phase reversal facility
- Gain control
- Subsonic fi ltering: high-pass
- Ultrasonic fi ltering: low-pass
- Combined fi lters
- Electronic crossovers
- Digital signal processing
- Signal-present indication
- Output level indication
- Signal activation
- Twelve-Volt trigger activation
- Infrared remote control
- Other amplifier facilities
- Index
Product information
- Title: Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook, 5th Edition
- Author(s):
- Release date: October 2012
- Publisher(s): Focal Press
- ISBN: 9781136123658
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