Book description
This book is essential for audio power amplifier designers and engineers for one simple reason...it enables you as a professional to develop reliable, high-performance circuits. The Author Douglas Self covers the major issues of distortion and linearity, power supplies, overload, DC-protection and reactive loading. He also tackles unusual forms of compensation and distortion produced by capacitors and fuses.This completely updated fifth edition includes four NEW chapters including one on The XD Principle, invented by the author, and used by Cambridge Audio. Crosstalk, power amplifier input systems, and microcontrollers in amplifiers are also now discussed in this fifth edition, making this book a must-have for audio power amplifier professionals and audiophiles.
Table of contents
- Cover
- Half Title
- Full Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preface to Fifth Edition
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1 Introduction and general survey
- Chapter 2 Power Amplifier Architecture and Negative Feedback
-
Chapter 3 The General Principles of Power Amplifiers
- How a generic amplifi er works
- The advantages of the conventional
-
The distortion mechanisms
- Distortion 1: Input stage distortion
- Distortion 2: VAS distortion
- Distortion 3: Output stage distortion
- Distortion 4: VAS-loading distortion
- Distortion 5: Rail-decoupling distortion
- Distortion 6: Induction distortion
- Distortion 7: NFB take-off distortion
- Distortion 8: Capacitor distortion
- Distortion 9: Magnetic distortion
- Distortion 10: Input current distortion
- Distortion 11: Premature overload protection
- Nonexistent or negligible distortions
- The performance of a standard amplifier
- Open-loop linearity and how to determine it
- Direct open-loop gain measurement
- Using model amplifi ers
- The concept of the Blameless amplifi er
-
Chapter 4 The Input Stage
- The role of the input stage
- Distortion from the input stage
- BJTs versus FETs for the input stage
- Singleton input stage versus differential pair
- The input stage distortion in isolation
- Input stage balance
- The Joy of Current-Mirrors
- Better current-mirrors
- Improving input stage linearity
- Further improving input linearity
- Increasing the output capability
- Input stage cascode confi gurations
- Double input stages
- Input stage common-mode distortion
- Input current distortion
- Input stage noise and how to reduce it
- Noise sources in power amplifi ers
- Noise in bipolar transistors
- Reducing input transistor noise
- Offset and match: the DC precision issue
- The input stage and the slew rate
- Input stage conclusions
-
Chapter 5 The Voltage-Amplifier Stage
- Measuring VAS distortion in isolation
- VAS operation
- VAS distortion
- Linearizing the VAS: active-load techniques
- VAS enhancements
- Some more VAS variations
- VAS operating conditions
- The importance of voltage drive
- The push – pull VAS
- The high-current capability VAS
- Single input stages
- Double input stages
- Manipulating open-loop bandwidth
- Conclusions
-
Chapter 6 The output stage
- Classes and devices
- The distortions of the output
- The emitter-follower (EF) output
- The complementary feedback pair (CFP) output
- Output stages with gain
- Quasi-complementary outputs
- Triple-EF output stages
- Quadruple output stages
- Output stage distortions and their mechanisms
- Large-signal distortion (Distortion 3a)
- Crossover distortion (Distortion 3b)
- Switching distortion (Distortion 3c)
- Thermal distortion
- Thermal distortion in a power amp IC
- Selecting an output stage
- Closing the loop: distortion in complete amplifiers
- Conclusions
-
Chapter 7 More distortion mechanisms
- Distortion 4: VAS-loading distortion
- Distortion 5: Rail-decoupling distortion
- Distortion 6: Induction distortion
- Distortion 7: NFB take-off point distortion
- Distortion 8: Capacitor distortion
- Distortion 9: Magnetic distortion
- Distortion 10: Input current distortion
- Distortion 11: Premature overload protection
- Design example – a 50 W Class-B amplifier
-
Chapter 8 Compensation, slew rate, and stability
- Frequency compensation in general
- Dominant-pole compensation
- Lag compensation
- Including the output stage: output - inclusive Miller compensation
- Other forms of inclusive compensation
- Two-pole compensation
- Stability and VAS-collector-to-ground capacitance
- Nested feedback loops
- Output networks
- Crosstalk in amplifier output inductors
- Reactive loads and speaker simulation
- Loudspeaker loads and output stages
- Enhanced loudspeaker currents
- Amplifier instability
- Speed and slew rate in audio amplifiers
- Chapter 9 Power supplies and PSRR
-
Chapter 10 Class-A power amplifiers
- An introduction to Class-A
- Class-A configurations and efficiency
- Output stages in Class-A
- Quiescent current control systems
- A novel quiescent current controller
- A Class-A design
- The Trimodal amplifier
- Load impedance and operating mode
- Efficiency
- On Trimodal biasing
- Class-A/AB mode
- Class-B mode
- The mode-switching system
- Thermal design
- A complete Trimodal amplifi er circuit
- The power supply
- The performance
- Further possibilities
-
Chapter 11 Class-XDTM : crossover displacement technology
- The crossover displacement principle
- Crossover displacement realization
- Circuit techniques for crossover displacement
- A complete crossover displacement power amplifi er circuit
- The measured performance
- The effect of loading changes
- The effi ciency of crossover displacement
- Other methods of push – pull displacement control
- Summary
-
Chapter 12 Class-G power amplifiers
- The principles of Class-G
- Introducing series Class-G
- Efficiency of Class-G
- Practicalities
- The biasing requirements
- The linearity issues of series Class-G
- The static linearity
- Practical Class-G design
- Controlling small-signal distortion
- The performance
- Deriving a new kind of amplifier: Class-A + C
- Adding two-pole compensation
- Further variations on Class-G
- Chapter 13 Class-D amplifiers
- Chapter 14 FET output stages
-
Chapter 15 Thermal compensation and thermal dynamics
- Why quiescent conditions are critical
- Accuracy required of thermal compensation
- Basic thermal compensation
- Assessing the bias errors
- Thermal simulation
- Modeling the EF output stage
- Modeling the CFP output stage
- The Integrated Absolute Error Criterion
- Improved thermal compensation for the EF stage
- Improved compensation for the CFP output stage
- A better sensor position
- A junction-temperature estimator
- A junction estimator with dynamics
- Conclusions about the simulations
- Power transistors with integral temperature sensors
- Variable-tempco bias generators
- Early effect in output stages
- Thermal dynamics by experiment
-
Chapter 16 The design of DC servos
- DC offset trimming
- DC offset control by servo-loop
- The advantages of DC servos
- Basic servo configurations
- Noise, component values, and the roll-off
- Non-inverting integrators
- Choice of integrator type
- Choice of op-amps
- Servo authority
- Design of LF roll-off point
- Servo overload
- Servo testing
- Performance issues
- Multi-pole servos
-
Chapter 17 Amplifier and loudspeaker protection
- Categories of amplifier protection
-
Overload protection
- Overload protection by fuses
- Electronic overload protection
- Plotting the protection locus
- Simple current limiting
- Single-slope VI limiting
- Dual-slope VI limiting
- VI limiting and temperature effects
- Simulating overload protection systems
- Testing the overload protection
- Speaker short-circuit detection
- Catching diodes
- DC offset protection
- Thermal protection
- Mains-fail detection
- Powering auxiliary circuitry
- Chapter 18 Grounding, cooling, and layout
- Chapter 19 Testing and safety
-
Chapter 20 Power amplifier input systems
- External signal levels
- Internal signal levels
- The choice of op-amps
- Unbalanced inputs
- Balanced interconnections
- Common-mode rejection ratio
- Balanced connectors
- Balanced signal levels
- Balanced inputs: electronic versus transformer
- The basic balanced input
- Common-mode rejection in the basic balanced input
- The practical balanced input
- Combined unbalanced and balanced inputs
- Superbal input
- Switched-gain balanced inputs
- Variable-gain balanced inputs
- High-impedance balanced inputs
- The inverting two-op-amp input
- The instrumentation amplifier
- Transformer balanced inputs
- Input overvoltage protection
- Noise and the input system
- Low-noise balanced inputs
- … And quieter yet
- Noise reduction in real life
- Unbalanced and balanced outputs
- Unbalanced outputs
- Ground-canceling outputs
- Balanced outputs
- Quasi-floating outputs
- Transformer balanced outputs
- Using a balanced power amplifi er interface
-
Chapter 21 Input processing and auxiliary subsystems
- Ground-lift switches
- Phase reversal facility
- Gain control
- Subsonic fi ltering: high-pass
- Ultrasonic fi ltering: low-pass
- Combined fi lters
- Electronic crossovers
- Digital signal processing
- Signal-present indication
- Output level indication
- Signal activation
- Twelve-Volt trigger activation
- Infrared remote control
- Other amplifier facilities
- Index
Product information
- Title: Audio Power Amplifier Design Handbook, 5th Edition
- Author(s):
- Release date: October 2012
- Publisher(s): Focal Press
- ISBN: 9781136123658
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