December 2011
Beginner
560 pages
12h 42m
English
Content preview from Basic Concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Edition
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3
Acids and Bases
BRONSTED-LOWRY THEORY (1923)
According to this theory, acids are proton (H+) donors and bases are proton acceptors.
HCl + H2O 
H3O+ + Cl−
HCl donates a proton and H2O accepts it. So HCl is acid and H2O is base.
Bare proton (i.e., H+ only) does exist in H2O. It is associated with water molecules i.e., is solvated,
H+ + xH2O |
[H(H2O)x]+ |
Solvated proton is simply denoted as H3O+, which is called ‘Hydronium ion”. However, hydration number of a proton may be 1, 2, 3, 4 etc., which may be represented as H3O+, H5O2+, H9O4+ etc.
Conjugate acid-base pair
When a substance donates a proton it is converted to a base, the conjugate ...
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