Since this is a beginner’s book, you are likely just getting started working with hardware and IoT solutions, and you may not have encountered the world that is Arduino and microcontrollers. Arduino boards are small boards with components that support general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins with a limited processor (called a microcontroller, not a CPU) and memory that permits you to write small programs to control the hardware. In essence, it is a hardware development platform.
There are many such boards and the Arduino is perhaps the most popular with a community that spans the globe providing ...