book

Beginning iPhone Games Development

Name: Beginning iPhone Games Development
ISBN: 9781430225997

by Eric Wing, PJ Cabrera, Scott Penberthy, Ian Marsh, Ben Britten Smith, Peter Bakhirev

August 2010

Beginner

727 pages

18h 5m

English

Apress

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Copyright
About the Authors
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. A Revolutionary Gaming Platform: Games for Everyone, Anytime, Anywhere
1.1. The Ever-Present iPhone1.2. Mass Appeal—There's a Gamer Born Every Minute1.3. User Interfaces—Death of the D-Pad1.4. Connectivity—Plays Well with Others1.5. User Data—This Time It's Personal1.6. Device Performance—A Multimedia Powerhouse1.7. Dev Kit? You're Holding It!1.8. Innovation—Good Things Come from Small Developers1.9. Summary
2. Developing iPhone Games: Peeking Inside the iPhone Toolbox
2.1. Development Tools and Environment2.2. UIKit2.3. Quartz 2D and Core Animation2.4. OpenGL ES2.5. Audio APIs2.6. Networking2.7. Summary
3. Moving Images on a Small Screen—UIKit Controls
3.1. A Quick Introduction to Cocoa Touch3.1.1. The Objective-C Language3.1.1.1. A Brief Objective-C Example3.1.1.2. Using an Objective-C Class3.1.1.3. Memory Management in Objective-C3.1.2. Cocoa Touch and the UIKit Framework3.1.2.1. Introducing UIView3.1.2.2. The Frame Property3.1.2.3. The Background Color and Alpha Properties3.1.2.4. The Center Property3.2. Building a Simple Game3.2.1. Creating an Xcode Project3.2.2. Creating the IVBricker User Interface3.2.2.1. Examining the Main Window File3.2.2.2. Examining the View Controller File3.2.2.3. Setting View Properties3.2.2.4. Adding Components to the View3.2.2.5. Adding Code to the View Controller3.2.2.6. Connecting a Property with a Component3.2.3. Snazzy Graphics Make the Grade3.2.3.1. Adding the Image3.2.3.2. The Illusion of Motion3.2.3.3. Rocking and Grooving with User Input3.2.3.4. Handling Accelerometer Input3.2.3.5. Handling Touchscreen Input3.2.3.6. When Objects Collide3.2.3.7. Failure Conditions3.2.3.8. Winning Conditions3.2.3.9. Loading and Displaying Images Programmatically3.2.3.10. Creating the Grid of Bricks3.2.3.11. Detecting image View Collisions3.2.3.12. Changing the Timer to CADisplayLink3.2.4. The End?3.3. Application Delegate Events3.3.1. Application Termination3.3.2. Application Interruptions3.3.3. Low Memory Warnings3.4. Saving and Loading Game State3.4.1. Managing Memory with a Custom Image Loader3.5. Animating Images3.5.1. Using the UIImageView Animation Properties3.5.2. Using NSTimer for Animation3.5.3. Using CADisplayLink for Animation3.6. Summary
4. She Shoots, She Hits, She Scores!
4.1. Quartz 2D Game Overview4.2. Every Artist Needs a Canvas4.3. Your First Graphic with Quartz 2D4.3.1. Saving and Restoring the Context4.3.2. Adding Color4.4. Sprites4.4.1. Creating the Sprite Class4.4.2. Using the Sprite Class4.5. Which Way Is Up?4.5.1. Changing to Landscape Orientation4.5.2. Centering the Origin4.6. Vector Art4.6.1. Creating the VectorSprite Class4.6.2. Using the VectorSprite Class4.7. Flipbook Animations4.7.1. Creating the AtlasSprite Class4.7.2. Modifying the Sprite Class4.7.3. Using the AtlasSprite Class4.8. Heads-Up Displays4.8.1. Creating the TextSprite Class4.8.2. Using the TextSprite Class4.9. Asteroids Game Architecture4.9.1. The Asteroids Game Loop4.9.2. The Asteroids Model4.9.3. The Asteroids View4.9.4. The Asteroids Game Controller4.10. Conclusion
5. Flipping Out and Sweeping Away with Core Animation
5.1. Core Animation Sample Project Overview5.2. Animating UIViews5.2.1. Simple Movement5.2.2. Animation Curves5.2.3. Reverse and Repeat5.2.4. Delay, Ease-In, and Ease-Out5.2.5. UIView Transforms5.2.6. UIView Transitions5.3. Animating Core Animation Layers5.3.1. Implicit Animations5.3.2. Timing Functions5.3.3. Layer Animation Transitions5.3.3.1. Fade5.3.3.2. Move In, Push, and Reveal5.4. Summary

6. OpenGL Basics: Wrapping Your Head Around the OpenGL API
6.1. What Is OpenGL ES and Why Do I Care?6.2. Understanding the 3D World6.3. Matrix Basics: Taking the Red Pill6.3.1. Bringing It All Together6.3.2. Matrix Types6.3.2.1. The Model and the Model Matrix6.3.2.2. The View Matrix6.3.2.3. The Projection6.3.2.4. The Viewport6.3.3. Stateful API6.4. Rendering Basics6.5. The Basic Game Template6.6. Wrapping the CAEAGLLayer in a View: EAGLView6.6.1. First Steps: The Init Method6.6.2. Frame Buffers, Render Buffers, and Depth Buffers6.6.3. Seeing into the OpenGL World6.6.4. Drawing and Rendering6.7. How to Draw Stuff with OpenGL6.7.1. The Scene and Mesh Objects6.7.2. Pushing and Popping Matrixes6.7.3. Putting Your Objects in the Scene6.7.3.1. Moving Objects6.7.3.2. Scaling Objects6.7.3.3. Spinning Objects6.7.4. Defining Your Object in 3D Space6.7.4.1. Vertex and Color Information6.7.4.2. Understanding Triangles6.8. The Game Loop and the Timer6.9. The Input Controller6.10. The App Delegate6.11. Summary
7. Putting It Together: Making a Game in OpenGL
7.1. Space Rocks! Game Design7.2. Getting Started with the Template7.3. Rotation Makes the World Go 'Round7.4. 3D Point Upgrade7.5. Adding Buttons7.5.1. Creating a Button Object7.5.2. Working with Vertex Data7.5.3. Storing Buttons7.5.4. Detecting Touches7.5.5. Wiring Up the Buttons7.6. Building a Better Spaceship7.6.1. Going Mobile7.6.2. Adding the Spaceship7.6.3. Adding and Removing Scene Objects7.6.4. Falling Off the Edge of the Screen7.7. Space Rocks!7.8. Adding Missiles7.8.1. Firing Missiles7.8.2. Removing Unwanted Missiles7.9. Making Nicer Buttons7.10. Collision Detection7.10.1. What Is a Collision?7.10.2. Collision-Detection Techniques7.10.2.1. Optimized Collision Detection7.10.2.2. Radius-to-Radius Collision Check7.11. Collisions on the Rocks7.11.1. Centroid and Radius7.11.2. Colliders and Collidees7.11.2.1. Take the Red Pill: The Transform Matrix7.11.2.2. The Collider Object7.11.2.3. The Collision Controller Object7.11.2.4. Back to the Scene Controller7.11.2.5. Scene Object Updates7.11.3. Collision Checking Redux7.12. Summary
8. The Next Steps: Atlases, Sprites, and Particles—Oh My!
8.1. Textures and Texture Atlases8.1.1. What Is a Texture Anyway, and Why Do I Care?8.1.2. Getting Image Data into OpenGL8.1.3. Binding Textures8.1.4. UV Is Not Bad for Your Skin8.1.5. You Get a Textured Quad!8.1.6. Say Hello to the Texture Atlas8.1.7. Switching the Old and Busted for the New Hotness8.1.8. A Nicer User Interface8.1.9. Colors with Textures8.2. Sprite Animation8.2.1. Frame Rate Independence8.2.2. Animations for Everything8.3. From 2D to 3D8.3.1. It's Only One More D—What's the Big Deal?8.3.2. Where Do 3D Models Come From?8.3.3. From Modeler to Screen8.3.4. What Is Normal?8.3.5. Standardizing on GL_TRIANGLES8.3.6. Textures Plus Models8.3.7. Shadows Define Shape8.3.8. Depth Buffer and Face Culling8.3.9. Collision Detection Tweaks8.4. Particle Systems Add Life to Your Game8.4.1. What Is a Particle System?8.4.2. A Lot of Random Numbers8.4.3. The Nitty-Gritty of a Particle System: Particles8.4.4. Particle Emitters and You8.4.5. Tuning Our System8.4.6. Particle Systems for Everything8.4.7. What the Future Holds: Shaders8.5. Summary
9. Introduction to Core Audio
9.1. Audio Services Provided by Core Audio9.1.1. Audio Units9.1.2. Audio File Services9.1.3. Audio File Stream Services9.1.4. Audio Conversion Services9.1.5. Extended Audio File Services9.1.6. Audio Session Services9.1.7. System Sound Services9.1.8. Audio Queue Services9.1.9. AVFoundation9.1.10. OpenAL9.2. The Core Audio Frameworks9.3. Codecs and File Formats9.3.1. Codecs Supported by Core Audio9.3.2. File Formats Supported by Core Audio9.3.3. Using afconvert to Convert Between Formats9.3.4. Hardware-Accelerated Codecs: Restricted and Unrestricted Codec Groups9.3.5. Codec and File Format Suggestions9.4. Alerts and Vibration: Introducing System Sound Services9.4.1. The Case Against System Sound Services for General Sound Effects9.4.2. A System Sound Services Example9.4.3. A Comment on Asynchronous Playback9.5. Setting Policies for Your Audio: Introducing Audio Session Services9.5.1. Boilerplate Code and Procedures for Using Audio Session Services9.5.2. Detecting Hardware and Getting Properties9.6. Easy Audio Playback in Objective-C with AVFoundation9.7. Mission Complete...but Our Princess Is in Another Castle!
10. Making Noise with OpenAL
10.1. OpenAL Overview10.1.1. What OpenAL Supports10.1.2. Some History of OpenAL10.2. My Story and Goals for Audio Coverage10.3. Roadmap for the Audio Coverage10.4. Setting Up Basic Sound in OpenAL10.4.1. Setting Up an Audio Session10.4.2. Opening a Device10.4.2.1. Advanced OpenAL Tip: Specifying OpenAL Devices10.4.3. Creating a Context10.4.3.1. Advanced Tip: Using Attribute Lists10.4.4. Activating the Context10.4.5. Generating Sound Sources10.4.6. Generating Data Buffers10.4.7. Loading Sound Data from Files10.4.8. Submitting Sound Data to OpenAL Data Buffers10.4.8.1. Advanced OpenAL Tip: The alBufferDataStatic Extension10.4.9. Attaching a Data Buffer to a Sound Source10.4.10. Playing Sound10.4.11. Shutting Down and Cleaning Up10.4.11.1. Cow Launched!10.5. Exposing Flaws and the Missing Details10.5.1. Adding More Sounds10.5.2. Problems to Notice10.5.3. OpenAL Error Checking10.5.4. Audio Session Interruptions10.5.5. OpenAL Extensions for iPhone OS10.5.6. Performance Notes10.5.7. OpenAL Source Limits: "It's a Secret to Everybody"10.6. Sound Resource Manager: Fixing the Design10.6.1. Overview of the Resource Manager10.6.2. Initial Cleanup10.6.3. The Sound File Database (Cache System)10.6.4. OpenAL Source Management (Reserving and Recycling)10.6.5. Integration with Space Rocks!10.6.5.1. SoundDidFinishPlaying Callbacks10.6.5.2. Final Integration Steps for Space Rocks!10.6.6. Handling When All Available Sources Are Exhausted10.6.7. Final Demo Embellishments10.7. Save Point Reached
11. 3D Audio—Turning Noise into Game Sounds
11.1. The Design of OpenAL: Sources, Buffers, and Listeners11.2. Limits of 3D Audio in OpenAL11.3. Integrating the Listener into Space Rocks!11.3.1. Creating the Listener Class11.3.2. Picking the Designated Driver11.4. Adding Positions to Sounds11.4.1. Handling Initial Positioning on Creation11.4.2. Disabling Distance Attenuation11.4.2.1. Working Around an alDistanceModelBug: Disabling Attenuation on a Per-Source Basis11.5. Listener Orientation11.5.1. Right-Handed Coordinate Systems and the Right-Hand Rule11.5.2. Unit Circle, Polar-to-Rectangular Coordinates, Phase Shifting, and Trigonometric Identities11.5.3. Integration into Space Rocks!11.6. Source Direction and Cones11.6.1. Inner Cone, Outer Cone, and Transitional Zone11.6.2. Implementation Time11.7. Velocity and the Doppler Effect11.7.1. Velocities and Scaling Factors11.7.2. Doppler Effect Example Time11.8. Distance Attenuation11.8.1. Attenuation Models11.8.1.1. Inverse Distance11.8.1.2. Inverse Distance Clamped11.8.1.3. Linear Distance11.8.1.4. Linear Distance Clamped11.8.1.5. Exponential Distance11.8.1.6. Exponential Distance Clamped11.8.1.7. Distance Attenuation Parameters11.8.1.8. Picking a Distance Model11.8.2. Back to Space Rocks!11.9. Using Relative Sound Properties to Selectively Disable 3D Effects11.10. Achievement Unlocked: Use All OpenAL 3D Features
12. Streaming: Thumping, Pulse-Quickening Game Excitement
12.1. Music and Beyond12.2. iPod Music Library (Media Player Framework)12.2.1. Playing iPod Music in Space Rocks!12.2.2. Adding a Media Item Picker12.2.3. Shake It! (Easy Accelerometer Shake Detection)12.3. Audio Streaming12.3.1. AVFoundation-Based Background Music for Space Rocks!12.3.1.1. The Playback Sound Controller12.3.1.2. Integration into Space Rocks!12.3.2. OpenAL Buffer Queuing Introduction12.3.2.1. Initialization12.3.2.2. Unqueuing12.3.2.3. Queuing12.3.2.4. Buffer Underrun12.3.2.5. Pausing12.3.2.6. Fast Forwarding and Rewinding12.3.2.7. Startup Number of Buffers and Filling the Queue12.3.2.8. How to Choose the Number and Size of Buffers12.3.3. OpenAL-Based Background Music for Space Rocks!12.3.3.1. A New Buffer Data Class for Streaming12.3.3.2. Unqueue the Processed Buffers12.3.3.3. Queue a New Buffer If Necessary12.3.3.4. Handle a Buffer Underrun12.3.3.5. Handle EOF and Finished Playing12.3.3.6. OpenALSoundController Changes12.3.3.7. BBSceneController Integration12.3.3.8. Analysis: Number of Buffers and Buffer Sizes12.3.3.9. Star Power Ready!12.3.4. OpenAL Speech for Space Rocks!12.3.4.1. EWSoundSourceObject: Finishing the implementation12.3.4.2. BBSceneController: Adding a New UFO12.3.4.3. UFO: Taunting and Callbacks12.3.4.4. The alBufferDataStatic Crashing Bug12.3.4.4.1. Work-Arounds12.3.5. Audio Queue Services Based Background Music for Space Rocks!12.3.5.1. Rewind and Looping12.3.5.2. Audio Session Interruptions12.3.6. Perfect Full Combo!12.4. Audio Capture12.4.1. Audio Capture APIs12.4.2. AVFoundation: File Recording with AVAudioRecorder12.4.3. OpenAL: Capture Oscilloscope12.4.3.1. The Capture APIs12.4.3.2. ALC Device Enumeration12.4.3.3. Capturing Audio12.5. Back to OpenGL12.5.1. Vertex Buffer Objects12.5.2. Some Notes on OpenGL and OpenAL Optimization12.6. The End of the Audio Road
13. Networking for iPhone Games: Introduction
13.1. Meet the Network13.1.1. Network Interfaces13.1.2. TCP/IP13.1.3. Bonjour13.2. iPhone SDK and Networking13.2.1. Sockets and Connections13.2.2. BSD Socket API13.2.3. CFNetwork13.2.4. NSNetServices13.2.5. GameKit13.3. Summary
14. Going Head to Head
14.1. Hello Pong!14.2. Using Peer Picker to Find a Human Opponent14.2.1. What Does It Look Like?14.2.2. How Does It Work?14.3. Making the Connection14.4. Sending and Receiving Messages14.4.1. Rolling the Dice14.4.2. Ready...Set...Go!14.4.3. Hits and Misses14.4.4. The Paddle Comes Alive14.5. Game Over: Handling Disconnects14.6. Summary
15. Party Time
15.1. 8 × 3 = ?15.1.1. Starting Point15.1.2. Where Are We Going?15.1.3. What's in the Structure?15.2. Making Connections15.2.1. Introducing the Connection and Stream Objects15.2.2. Connection Initialization15.2.3. Closing and Cleanup15.2.4. Reading Data15.2.5. Writing Data15.2.6. Handling Stream Events15.2.7. The Complete Picture15.3. Socket Servers15.3.1. The SocketServer Class15.3.2. Socket Server Initialization15.3.3. Publishing via Bonjour15.3.4. Starting and Stopping15.4. Finding Servers via Bonjour15.4.1. Looking for Servers15.4.2. Connecting to Servers15.4.3. Final Details15.5. Implementing the Game Client15.5.1. Tracing the Logic15.5.2. Choosing the Network Message Format15.5.3. Making It Talk15.5.4. Hooking It Up15.6. Implementing the Game Server15.6.1. Managing Players15.6.2. Laying It Out15.6.3. Initialization15.6.4. Players Joining and Leaving15.6.5. Starting and Stopping Game Rounds15.6.6. Collecting and Processing Answers15.6.7. Hooking It Up15.7. Summary
16. Connecting with the Outside World
16.1. Challenges16.1.1. Au Revoir, Bonjour!16.1.2. No GameKit Peer-to-Peer for You!16.1.3. Server, interrupted16.1.4. Lag16.1.5. It's All Greek to Me...16.1.6. And a Bunch More16.2. Basics of Online Game Play16.2.1. Client/Server Games16.2.2. Connecting to a Game Server Without Bonjour16.2.3. Peer-to-Peer Games16.2.4. Something About Reinventing the Wheel16.2.5. Like a Drop in the Ocean16.3. Making Games More Social16.3.1. Sharing High Scores Online16.3.2. Chasing Ghosts16.3.3. Chatting16.4. Summary
17. Putting It All Together: Now Comes the Fun Part
17.1. What We've Covered17.2. Some Game Design Tips17.3. Wrapping It Up

Content preview from Beginning iPhone Games Development

Chapter 10. Making Noise with OpenAL

OpenAL is a cross-platform industry standard for 3D sound. OpenAL stands for Open Audio Library. Technically, OpenAL is a general-purpose audio library and is flexible enough to be used in many types of applications that require sound, but the primary use of OpenAL tends to be in games.

OpenAL places a strong emphasis on performance for real-time multimedia applications and low latency, while providing an API that game programmers are comfortable with. For iPhone OS developers, Apple has recognized the benefits of these characteristics and has embraced OpenAL as part of Core Audio. Furthermore, Apple has been touting OpenAL as the API most game developers should use on iPhone OS.

The design of OpenAL is heavily ...

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Beginning iPhone Games Development

by Eric Wing, PJ Cabrera, Scott Penberthy, Ian Marsh, Ben Britten Smith, Peter Bakhirev

Chapter 10. Making Noise with OpenAL

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