book

Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals: Language Syntax, Arrays, Data Types, Objects, and Regular Expressions

Name: Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals: Language Syntax, Arrays, Data Types, Objects, and Regular Expressions
Author: Kishori Sharan
ISBN: 9781430266532

by Kishori Sharan

June 2014

Beginner

810 pages

23h 28m

English

Apress

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Cover
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Foreword
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Acknowledgments

Introduction
Chapter 1: Programming Concepts
What Is Programming?Components of a Programming LanguageProgramming ParadigmsImperative ParadigmProcedural ParadigmDeclarative ParadigmFunctional ParadigmLogic ParadigmObject-Oriented ParadigmWhat Is Java?The Object-Oriented Paradigm and JavaAbstractionEncapsulation and Information HidingInheritancePolymorphismSummary
Chapter 2: Writing Java Programs
What is a Java Program?System RequirementsWriting the Source CodePackage DeclarationImport DeclarationsClass DeclarationCompiling the Source CodeRunning the Compiled CodeUsing NetBeans IDECreating a Java ProjectAdding Classes to the ProjectCustomizing Project PropertiesOpening an Existing NetBeans ProjectBehind the ScenesSummary
Chapter 3: Data Types
What Is a Data Type?What Is an Identifier?Data Types in JavaPrimitive Data Types in JavaIntegral Data TypesFloating-Point Data TypesUnderscores in Numeric LiteralsJava Compiler and Unicode Escape SequenceA Short BreakBinary Representation of IntegersDiminished Radix ComplementRadix ComplementBinary Representation of Floating-Point Numbers32-bit Single-Precision Floating-Point FormatSpecial Floating-Point NumbersSigned ZerosSigned InfinitiesNaNDenormalsRounding ModesRounding Toward ZeroRounding Toward Positive InfinityRounding Toward Negative InfinityRounding Toward NearestIEEE Floating-Point ExceptionsDivision by Zero ExceptionInvalid Operation ExceptionOverflow ExceptionUnderflow ExceptionInexact ExceptionJava and IEEE Floating-Point StandardsLittle-Endian and Big-EndianSummary
Chapter 4: Operators
What Is an Operator?Assignment Operator (=)Declaration, Initialization, and AssignmentArithmetic OperatorsAddition Operator (+)Subtraction Operator (-)Multiplication Operator (*)Division Operator (/)Modulus Operator (%)Unary Plus Operator (+)Unary Minus Operator (-)Compound Arithmetic Assignment OperatorsIncrement (++) and Decrement (--) OperatorsString Concatenation Operator (+)Relational OperatorsEquality Operator (==)Inequality Operator (!=)Greater Than Operator (>)Greater Than or Equal to Operator (>=)Less Than Operator (<)Less Than or Equal to Operator (<=)Boolean Logical OperatorsLogical NOT Operator (!)Logical Short-Circuit AND Operator (&&)Logical AND Operator (&)Logical Short-Circuit OR Operator (||)Logical OR Operator (|)Logical XOR Operator (^)Compound Boolean Logical Assignment OperatorsTernary Operator (? :)Operator PrecedenceBitwise OperatorsSummary
Chapter 5: Statements
What Is a Statement?Types of StatementsDeclaration StatementExpression StatementControl Flow StatementA Block StatementThe if-else StatementThe switch StatementThe for StatementInitializationCondition-expressionExpression-listThe for-each StatementThe while StatementThe do-while StatementThe break StatementThe continue StatementAn Empty StatementSummary
Chapter 6: Classes and Objects
What Is a Class?Declaring a ClassDeclaring Fields in a ClassCreating Instances of a ClassThe null Reference TypeUsing Dot Notation to Access Fields of a ClassDefault Initialization of FieldsAccess Level Modifiers for a ClassImport DeclarationsSingle-Type Import DeclarationImport-on-Demand DeclarationImport Declarations and Type Search OrderAutomatic Import DeclarationsStatic Import DeclarationsDeclaring Methods of a ClassLocal VariablesInstance Method and Class MethodInvoking a MethodThe Special main() MethodWhat Is this?Access Levels for Class MembersAccess Level—A Case Study
Parameter Passing Mechanisms
Pass By ValuePass By Constant ValuePass By ReferencePass By Reference ValuePass by Constant Reference ValuePass by ResultPass by Value ResultPass By NamePass by NeedParameter Passing Mechanisms in JavaConstructorsDeclaring a ConstructorOverloading a ConstructorWriting Code for a ConstructorCalling a Constructor from another ConstructorUsing a return Statement Inside a ConstructorAccess Level Modifier for a ConstructorDefault ConstructorA static ConstructorInstance Initialization Blockstatic Initialization BlockThe final Keywordfinal Local Variablesfinal Parametersfinal Instance Variablesfinal Class Variablesfinal Reference VariablesCompile-time vs. Runtime final VariablesWhat is a varargs Method?Overloading a Varargs MethodVarargs Methods and the main() MethodGeneric ClassesSummary
Chapter 7: The Object and Objects Classes
The Object ClassRule #1Rule #2What Is the Class of an Object?Computing Hash Code of an ObjectComparing Objects for EqualityString Representation of an ObjectCloning ObjectsFinalizing an ObjectImmutable ObjectsThe Objects ClassSummary
Chapter 8: Wrapper Classes
Wrapper ClassesNumeric Wrapper ClassesThe Character Wrapper ClassThe Boolean Wrapper ClassUnsigned Numeric OperationsAutoboxing and UnboxingBeware of Null ValuesOverloaded Methods and Autoboxing/UnboxingComparison Operators and AutoBoxing/UnboxingCollections and Autoboxing/UnboxingSummary
Chapter 9: Exception Handling
What Is an Exception?An Exception Is an ObjectUsing a try-catch BlockTransfer of ControlException Class HierarchyArranging Multiple catch BlocksChecked and Unchecked ExceptionsChecked Exception - Catch or DeclareChecked Exceptions and InitializersThrowing an ExceptionCreating an Exception ClassThe finally BlockRethrowing an ExceptionAnalysis of Rethrown ExceptionsThrowing too Many ExceptionsAccessing the Stack of a ThreadThe try-with-resources BlockA Multi-Catch BlockSummary
Chapter 10: Assertions
What Is an Assertion?Testing AssertionsEnabling/Disabling AssertionsUsing AssertionsChecking for Assertion StatusSummary
Chapter 11: Strings
What is a String?String LiteralsEscape Sequence Characters in String LiteralsUnicode Escapes in String LiteralsWhat is a CharSequence?Creating String ObjectsLength of a StringString Literals Are String ObjectsString Objects Are ImmutableComparing Two StringsString PoolString OperationsGetting the Character at an IndexTesting Strings for EqualityTesting a String to be EmptyChanging the CaseSearching for a StringRepresenting Values as StringsGetting a SubstringTrimming a StringReplacing Part of a StringMatching Start and End of a StringSplitting and Joining StringsStrings in a switch StatementTesting a String for PalindromeStringBuilder and StringBufferString Concatenation Operator (+)Language-Sensitive String ComparisonSummary
Chapter 12: Dates and Times
The Date-Time APIDesign PrinciplesA Quick ExampleEvolution of TimekeepingTime Zones and Daylight Saving TimeCalendar SystemsThe Julian CalendarThe Gregorian CalendarISO-8601 Standards for DatetimeExploring the New Date-Time APIThe ofXXX() MethodsThe from() MethodsThe withXXX() MethodsThe getXXX() MethodsThe toXXX() MethodsThe atXXX() MethodsThe plusXXX() and minusXXX() MethodsThe multipliedBy(), dividedBy(), and negated() MethodsInstants and DurationsHuman-Scale TimeThe ZoneOffset ClassThe ZoneId ClassUseful Datetime-Related EnumsLocal Date, Time, and DatetimeOffset Time and DatetimeZoned DatetimeSame Instant, Different TimesClocksPeriodsPeriod Between Two Dates and TimesPartialsAdjusting DatesQuerying Datetime ObjectsNon-ISO Calendar Systems
Formatting Dates and Times
Using Predefined FormattersUsing the format() Method of Datetime ClassesUsing User-Defined PatternsUsing Locale Specific FormatsUsing the DateTimeFormatterBuilder ClassParsing Dates and TimesLegacy Datetime ClassesThe Date ClassThe Calendar ClassThe add() MethodThe roll() MethodInteroperability with Legacy Datetime ClassesSummary
Chapter 13: Formatting Data
Formatting DatesFormatting NumbersPrintf-style FormattingThe Big PictureThe DetailsReferencing an Argument inside a Format SpecifierUsing Flags in a Format SpecifierConversion CharactersSummary
Chapter 14: Regular Expressions
What Is a Regular Expression?MetacharactersCharacter ClassesPredefined Character ClassesMore Powers to Regular ExpressionsCompiling Regular ExpressionsCreating a MatcherMatching the PatternBeware of BackslashesQuantifiers in Regular ExpressionsMatching BoundariesGroups and Back ReferencingUsing Named GroupsResetting the MatcherFinal Words on E-mail ValidationsFind-and-Replace Using Regular ExpressionsSummary
Chapter 15: Arrays
What Is an Array?Arrays Are ObjectsAccessing Array ElementsLength of an ArrayInitializing Array ElementsBeware of Reference Type ArraysExplicit Array InitializationLimitations of Using ArraysVariable-Length ArraysPassing an Array as a ParameterArray Parameter ReferenceElements of the Array ParameterThe Object Referred by the Array Parameter ElementsCommand-Line ArgumentsMulti-Dimensional ArraysAccessing Elements of a Multi-Dimensional ArrayInitializing Multi-Dimensional ArraysEnhanced for Loop for ArraysArray Declaration SyntaxRuntime Array Bounds ChecksWhat Is the Class of an Array ObjectArray Assignment CompatibilityConverting an ArrayList/Vector to an ArraySummary
Chapter 16: Inheritance
What is Inheritance?Object Class is the Default SuperclassInheritance and Hierarchical RelationshipWhat Is Inherited by a Subclass?Upcasting and DowncastingThe instanceof OperatorBindingEarly BindingLate BindingMethod OverridingMethod Overriding Rule #1Method Overriding Rule #2Method Overriding Rule #3Method Overriding Rule #4Method Overriding Rule #5Method Overriding Rule #6Accessing Overridden MethodMethod OverloadingInheritance and ConstructorsMethod HidingField HidingDisabling InheritanceAbstract Classes and MethodsMethod Overriding and Generic Method SignaturesTypo Danger in Method OverridingIs-a, has-a, and part-of RelationshipsNo Multiple Inheritance of ClassesSummary
Chapter 17: Interfaces
What Is an Interface?Proposed Solution #1Proposed Solution #2Proposed Solution #3An Ideal SolutionDeclaring an InterfaceDeclaring Interface MembersConstant Fields DeclarationsMethods DeclarationsNested Type DeclarationsAn Interface Defines a New TypeImplementing an InterfaceImplementing Interface MethodsImplementing Multiple InterfacesPartially Implementing an InterfaceThe Supertype-Subtype RelationshipInterface InheritanceThe Superinterface-Subinterface RelationshipInheriting Conflicting ImplementationsThe Superclass Always WinsThe Most Specific Superinterface WinsThe Class Must Override the Conflicting MethodThe instanceof OperatorMarker InterfacesFunctional InterfacesComparing ObjectsUsing the Comparable InterfaceUsing the Comparator InterfacePolymorphism—One Object, Many ViewsDynamic Binding and InterfacesSummary
Chapter 18: Enum Types
What Is an Enum Type?Superclass of an Enum TypeUsing Enum Types in switch StatementsAssociating Data and Methods to Enum ConstantsAssociating a Body to an Enum ConstantComparing Two Enum ConstantsNested Enum TypesImplementing an Interface to an Enum TypeReverse Lookup for Enum ConstantsRange of Enum ConstantsSummary
Appendix A: Character Encodings
ASCII8-bit Character SetsUniversal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)UCS-2UCS-4UTF-16 (UCS Transformation Format 16)UTF-8 (UCS Transformation Format 8)Java and Character Encodings
Appendix B: Documentation Comments
Writing Documentation CommentsList of Block and Inline Tags@author <author-name(s)>@deprecated <explanation-text>@exception <class-name> <description>@param <parameter-name> <description>@return <description>@see <reference>@serial <field-description or include/exclude>@serialData <data-description>@serialField <field-name> <field-type> <field-description>@since <description>@throws <class-name> <description>@version <version-text>{@code <text>}{@docRoot}{@inheritDoc}{@link <package.class#member> <label>}{@linkplain <package.class#member> <label>}{@literal <text>}{@value <package.class#field>}Documenting Packagescom/jdojo/utility/package-info.java filecom/jdojo/utility/package.html fileOverview DocumentationIncluding Unprocessed Files in DocumentationSkipping Source Files ProcessingAn Example of Documentation CommentsRunning the javadoc ToolGenerated Documentation FilesViewing Generated HTML DocumentationSummary
Appendix C: Compact Profiles
Enhancement in the javac CommandEnhancement in Java API DocumentationChecking for Profile DependenciesCreating Custom JREs Using the EJDKInstalling EJDKRunning the jrecreate CommandDeploying the Custom JRERunning the Custom JRE
Index

Content preview from Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals: Language Syntax, Arrays, Data Types, Objects, and Regular Expressions

Parameter Passing Mechanisms

This section discusses different ways of passing parameters to a method that are used in different programming languages. I will not discuss anything that is specific to Java in this section. The syntax or symbols used in this section may not be supported by Java. This section is important to programmers in understanding the memory states in the process of a method call. If you are an experienced programmer, you may skip this section. The next section will discuss the parameter passing mechanisms in Java.

The following are some of the mechanisms to pass parameters to a method:

Pass by value
Pass by constant value
Pass by reference
Pass by reference value
Pass by result
Pass by result value
Pass by name
Pass by need ...

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Beginning Java 8 Fundamentals: Language Syntax, Arrays, Data Types, Objects, and Regular Expressions

by Kishori Sharan

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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