Ghana, energy
biomass utilization
limiting factors, 213
CDM projects, 216, 217
baseline, 216
boundaries, 216
contribution, 219
issues, 218
Certified Emission Reductions (CERs),
217, 218
formula, carbon emissions, 217
Public Utility Regulatory Commission
(PURC), 219
contract trading terms, 219
wood-processing residues, 214
wood waste availability, 214
wood waste utilization, 213
cogeneration project, Kumasi, 214
Ecoenergy International Corporation
(EIC), 216
Kumasi Institute of Technology and
Environment (KITE), prefeasibility
study, 215
sawmills, sawdust, 214, 215, 217–219
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), 13, 21–24,
27, 40, 43, 124, 169–177, 179, 180, 183,
185, 189, 193, 201, 205, 209, 216, 229
Hindu Kush Himalayan region HKH, energy
agricultural diversification/intensification,
63
agro-based facilities, 63
and forests, 66
biomass-dominant fuel, 63
biomass briquettes, 65
gasifiers, 65
cottage industries, for, 62–65
forest management interventions, costs
and benefits, 72
forest resource
availability, 66
consumption, 66, 67
household sector, 62
Nepal, community forestry program
forest management types, 71
forestry user’s group, 71
fuelwood sustainability, 71
marginalization, 71
property rights, 70, 71
rural industrialization, 63
use pattern, 63, 64
wood energy development, 69
improved cooking stove (ICS), 70
policy interventions, 70
renewable energy technology
commercialization, 70
IEA (International Energy Agency), 7–9, 11,
45, 228, 229, 234, 235
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change), 10, 21, 210
Iron industry, Brazil, 190
Brazilian Association of Renewable
Forests (ABRACAVE), 192
Brazilian Institute for the Environment
and Renewable Natural Resources
(IBAMA), statistics, 192
categories, 190
differences, coke- and charcoal-based,
193
employment source, 197
socio-economic issues, 197
Kyoto Protocol, 7, 21, 23, 24, 29, 36, 43,
189
Lithuania
and Sweden, bilateral cooperation, 95, 96
forest authorities, 97
General Forest Enterprise, 98
State Forest Enterprise, 96, 98
forest management, 96
commercial thinning, 97, 101, 102,
103–106
Forest Control Units, implementation,
98
242 Bioenergy – Realizing the Potential
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