Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Introduction

The increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration (50% since the industrial revolution), mainly due to anthropogenic activities, represents one of the most important concerns regarding worldwide sustainability [1–4]. Since CO₂ is one of the most important greenhouse gases (GHGs), the increase of its concentration has been associated to climate change and global warming: (1) atmosphere and oceans have warmed; (2) the extents of snow and ice have decreased (Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have been losing mass); and (3) sea level has risen (an average of 0.19 m since the beginning of the 20th century). In addition, the ocean has absorbed about 30% of the CO₂ emissions, causing its acidification [5–7].

Aware of the negative impacts ...