Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, 3rd Edition

Chapter 4

Passive Tissue Electrical Properties

Abstract

The basic electrical properties of cells and tissues are described. Examples are also given for plant tissue and properties of dead biomaterials. More special features such as anisotropy and piezo- and triboelectric effects are also discussed.

Keywords

Dead material; Piezoelectricity; Plant; Tissue; Triboelectricity

4.1. Basic Biomaterials

Hydrogen (63% of the human body's number of atoms), oxygen (25%), carbon (9%), and nitrogen (1.4%) are the four most abundant atoms of the human body. They are all able to form covalent bonds (e.g., water) on the basis of the sharing of electron pairs by two atoms with unpaired electrons in their outer shells (cf, Section 2.1). Most biomolecules are compounds ...