Chapter 7
Electrodes
Abstract
Electrodes are very important in bioimpedance and bioelectricity, and this topic has now got its own chapter. Electrode materials and the electrochemistry of electrodes are covered. Furthermore, different electrode systems are described. Many different electrode designs are explained, as are electrodes for manipulation of cells and particles by electric fields.
Keywords
Electrode polarization; Kelvin probe; Polarizable electrode; Tetrapolar system7.1. Electrode Pair
An electrode is a unique device, it cannot function alone. It takes two current-carrying (CC) electrodes to send an electric current through the body: a source and a sink. At a certain DC voltage, no current flows, and the electrode pair is in equilibrium
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