Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, 3rd Edition

Chapter 8

Instrumentation and Measurements

Abstract

This chapter covers general network theory, immittance concepts, and signal analysis. It also gives a broad introduction to bioimpedance instrumentation. There is also a special section about nonlinear phenomena.

Keywords

Admittance; Fourier analysis; Impedance; Impedance analyzer; Reciprocity

8.1. General Network Theory, the Black-Box

In many cases, we will regard our biological material, together with the necessary electrode arrangements, as an unknown “black box.” By electrical measurement, we want to characterize the content of the box (we do not have direct access to the key to open the lid!). We want to use the data to describe the electrical behavior, and perhaps even explain some of the physical ...