Chapter 11

Orthopedics

Abstract

Within the realm of orthopedics, extensive overlap exists between both fracture fixation of bone segments and articulation of moving joints, stabilized by tendons and ligaments. Traumas arise with aging, and the primary observable is a general bone demineralization that occurs over time. There are several types of cancers that can lead to more fragile bone structures, including primary tumors like osteosarcomas that invade trabecular and cortical bone stock and multiple myeloma that triggers bone resorption. Trauma can occur at any age, and there are both external and internal schemes for addressing repair and bone regeneration. Trauma can be linked with instability, which is more pronounced in seniors. And osteoarthritis ...

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