Chapter 13

Cardiovascular Interventions

Abstract

The capacity to address cardiovascular malformations and other age-related defects has had a direct impact on patient lifetimes. More sophisticated and nuanced schemes of intervention are looking to repair tissues as much as directly replace them. Cardiac defects include valves that can lead inadequate seal pressures, other defects that can lead to regurgitation and arrhythmias. In middle-aged patients, the issues relating to coronary artery blockages and arteriosclerosis lead to a need to replace or graft these structures to isolate or bypass the blockages. Fixes have included stents, valves, and vascular grafts. Improved remote surgical interventions and catheter-based procedures are going to be ...

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