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X-ray crystallography
X-rays are electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength. Like all electromagnetic radiation, X-rays are absorbed, scattered, and diffracted by matter. The scattering and diffraction of X-rays in gases, liquids, or disordered solids is caused by interaction with electrons. Electrons in ordered arrays of atoms in crystals scatter X-rays only in particular directions; in other directions, the scattering is negligible. Diffraction is the scattering of X-rays in a few specific directions by crystals. X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal. This technique is based on X-ray diffraction, a nondestructive technique. When a beam of X-ray strikes a crystal, the beam may be diffracted. ...
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