Biorefinery Production of Fuels and Platform Chemicals

10Emerging Biomaterials for Bone Joints Repairing in Knee Joint Arthroplasty: An Overview

Shankar Swarup Das

Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Post-Harvest Technology (Central Agricultural University), Ranipool, India

Abstract

Currently, the number of primary knee joint arthroplasty (KJA) cases has increased annually and there are a substantial number of patients possessing the bone defects of the tibial plateau. How to select appropriate biomaterials for repairing the tibial plateau bone defects and acquire satisfactory results from primary KJA has gradually turned into a burning research area. Effective repair results are the basis of the initial stability of the knee joint implants, which confirms that patients can obtain satisfactory results within the life expectancy of the prosthesis. At present, there are a variety of materials used to repair tibial plateau bone defects in primary KJA. In this review, we summarized advantages and disadvantages of different materials used in repairing tibial plateau bone defects and hope to provide certain references for selection of appropriate materials during treatment. Proper biomaterials used to repair bone defects of the tibia plateau include traditional materials (structural bone grafts, bone cement, segmental metal augments, and tantalum cones) and new biomaterials (tissue-engineered bone, autologous platelet-rich plasma, and autologous chondrocytes). Such materials possess ...