Biosensors Nanotechnology

6Biosensors for Glucose Monitoring

Hoang Vinh Tran*

School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Diabetes is a challenging worldwide health problem in the 21st century. In 2021, a total of 537 million people have diabetes, and this number is expected to increase to 643 million in 2030 and 783 million in 2045. The disease is a major cause of cardiovascular or chronic kidney diseases, which can lead to blindness in adults. Unfortunately, it is an intractable disease. Currently, the standard method for screening diabetes cases is measuring glucose concentration in the blood. This method is currently the standard for diabetes management. However, almost half of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. Therefore, low-cost and effective glucose biosensor-based devices is urgently needed for diabetes screening. Since the invention of first-generation enzyme-based glucose biosensors (GBs) in 1962, continuous efforts have been made to develop enzyme-based GBs mainly based on colorimetric or electrochemical transducers. Colorimetric methods are often used in clinics, and electrochemical GBs are used for personal testing purposes. This chapter briefs the history and basic working principles of GBs and current developments. Recent trends in GB development involving nanomaterials, paper analytical devices, and wearable GBs were discussed.

Keywords: Glucose detection, glucose meter, glucose biosensor, nanomaterial, electrochemistry, colorimetric, ...