January 2016
Intermediate to advanced
384 pages
8h 6m
English
book
Building Telephony Systems with OpenSIPS - Second Edition
by Flavio E. Goncalves, Flavio E Goncalves, Bogdan-Andrei Iancu
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Types of NAT
The way in which various NAT devices work is different and varies based on the vendor and models. It is not easy to predict the type of NAT before buying. There are four kinds of NAT devices and they are different in the way they map the internal addresses to external addresses:
- Full cone
- Restricted cone
- Port-restricted cone
- Symmetric
We will cover each of these devices in the following sections.
Full cone
Full cone devices use a static mapping from the external ip:port pair to the internal ip:port pair. Any external computer can connect to it using the external ip:port pair. This is the case in non-stateful firewalls implemented with the use of filters. The external address is predictable after the first interaction.
A full cone device does ...
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.Julian F.
I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.Addison B.
I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.Amir M.
I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.