The nature of work and workplaces has evolved dramatically over the course of the three Industrial Revolutions, resulting in the status quo that pertains today. Agrarian societies gave way to the highly organized manufacturing industries typical of the First Industrial Revolution, which then acquiesced to the increased automation and digitization of the Second and Third Industrial Revolutions. Depending on factors such as geography and demography, modern workplaces vary greatly, exhibiting a mix of working conditions characteristic of the First, Second, or Third Industrial Revolutions, as well as radical new-age work practices. This chapter focuses primarily on cutting-edge human resource dynamics and on organizations ...
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