book

C# 6 for Programmers, Sixth Edition

Name: C# 6 for Programmers, Sixth Edition
ISBN: 9780134596396

by Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel

August 2016

Intermediate to advanced

768 pages

36h 30m

English

Pearson

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About This E-Book
Title Page
Copyright Page
Deitel® Series Page
Deitel® Developer SeriesHow To Program SeriesSimply SeriesVitalSource Web BooksLiveLessons Video Learning ProductsREVEL™ Interactive Multimedia
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Contacting the AuthorsJoin the Deitel & Associates, Inc. Social Media CommunitiesNew C# 6 FeaturesA Tour of the BookIntroduction to Visual C# and Visual Studio 2015 Community EditionIntroduction to C# FundamentalsObject-Oriented Programming: A Deeper LookWindows Forms Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)Strings and FilesGenerics and Generic CollectionsFunctional Programming with LINQ, PLINQ, Lambdas, Delegates and ImmutabilityDatabase with LINQ to Entities and SQL ServerAsynchronous ProgrammingOnline Bonus ContentAccessing the Bonus ContentXML and LINQ to XMLWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF) GUI, Graphics and MultimediaCase Study: Using the UML to Develop an Object-Oriented- Design and C# Implementation of the Software for an ATM (Automated Teller Machine)Future Online Bonus ContentUniversal Windows Platform (UWP) for Desktop and Mobile AppsREST Web ServicesMicrosoft Azure™ Cloud ComputingNotes About the PresentationObtaining the Software Used in C# 6 for Programmers, 6/eMicrosoft DreamSpark™AcknowledgmentsReviewersAbout the AuthorsAbout Deitel & Associates, Inc.
Before You Begin
Font and Naming ConventionsVisual Studio 2015 Community EditionViewing File ExtensionsObtaining the Source CodeConfiguring Visual Studio for Use with This BookVisual Studio ThemeLine NumbersTab Size for Code IndentsIf You’re Not Using Microsoft Visual C#...Mono Project.NET Core
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction1.2 Object Technology: A Brief ReviewThe Automobile as an ObjectMethods and ClassesMaking Objects from ClassesReuseMessages and Method CallsAttributes and Instance VariablesProperties, get Accessors and set AccessorsEncapsulationInheritanceObject-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD)The UML (Unified Modeling Language)1.3 C#1.3.1 Object-Oriented Programming1.3.2 Event-Driven Programming1.3.3 Visual Programming1.3.4 Generic and Functional Programming1.3.5 An International Standard1.3.6 C# on Non-Windows Platforms1.3.7 Internet and Web Programming1.3.8 Asynchronous Programming with async and await1.4 Microsoft’s .NET1.4.1 .NET Framework1.4.2 Common Language Runtime1.4.3 Platform Independence1.4.4 Language Interoperability1.5 Microsoft’s Windows® Operating System1.6 Visual Studio Integrated Development Environment1.7 Painter Test-Drive in Visual Studio CommunityStep 1: Checking Your SetupStep 2: Locating the Painter App’s DirectoryStep 3: Running the Painter AppStep 4: Changing the Brush ColorStep 5: Changing the Brush Color and SizeStep 6: Finishing the DrawingStep 7: Stopping the App
2. Introduction to Visual Studio and Visual Programming
2.1 Introduction2.2 Overview of the Visual Studio Community 2015 IDE2.2.1 Introduction to Visual Studio Community 20152.2.2 Visual Studio Themes2.2.3 Links on the Start Page2.2.4 Creating a New Project2.2.5 New Project Dialog and Project Templates2.2.6 Forms and Controls2.3 Menu Bar and Toolbar2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE2.4.1 Solution Explorer2.4.2 Toolbox2.4.3 Properties Window2.5 Help Menu and Context-Sensitive Help2.6 Visual Programming: Creating a Simple App that Displays Text and an ImageStep 1: Closing the Open ProjectStep 2: Creating the New ProjectStep 11: Inserting an ImageStep 12: Saving the ProjectStep 13: Running the Project2.7 Wrap-Up2.8 Web Resources

3. Introduction to C# App Programming
3.1 Introduction3.2 Simple App: Displaying a Line of Text3.2.1 Comments3.2.2 using Directive3.2.3 Blank Lines and Whitespace3.2.4 Class Declaration3.2.5 Main Method3.2.6 Displaying a Line of Text3.2.7 Matching Left ({) and Right (}) Braces3.3 Creating a Simple App in Visual Studio3.3.1 Creating the Console App3.3.2 Changing the Name of the App File3.3.3 Writing Code and Using IntelliSense3.3.4 Compiling and Running the App3.3.5 Errors, Error Messages and the Error List Window3.4 Modifying Your Simple C# App3.4.1 Displaying a Single Line of Text with Multiple Statements3.4.2 Displaying Multiple Lines of Text with a Single Statement3.5 String Interpolation3.6 Another C# App: Adding Integers3.6.1 Declaring the int Variable number13.6.2 Declaring Variables number2 and sum3.6.3 Prompting the User for Input3.6.4 Reading a Value into Variable number13.6.5 Prompting the User for Input and Reading a Value into number23.6.6 Summing number1 and number23.6.7 Displaying the sum with string Interpolation3.6.8 Performing Calculations in Output Statements3.7 Arithmetic3.7.1 Arithmetic Expressions in Straight-Line Form3.7.2 Parentheses for Grouping Subexpressions3.7.3 Rules of Operator Precedence3.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators3.9 Wrap-Up
4. Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and strings
4.1 Introduction4.2 Test-Driving an Account Class4.2.1 Instantiating an Object—Keyword new4.2.2 Calling Class Account’s GetName Method4.2.3 Inputting a Name from the User4.2.4 Calling Class Account’s SetName Method4.3 Account Class with an Instance Variable and Set and Get Methods4.3.1 Account Class Declaration4.3.2 Keyword class and the Class Body4.3.3 Instance Variable name of Type string4.3.4 SetName Method4.3.5 GetName Method4.3.6 Access Modifiers private and public4.3.7 Account UML Class Diagram4.4 Creating, Compiling and Running a Visual C# Project with Two Classes4.5 Software Engineering with Set and Get Methods4.6 Account Class with a Property Rather Than Set and Get Methods4.6.1 Class AccountTest Using Account’s Name Property4.6.2 Account Class with an Instance Variable and a Property4.6.3 Account UML Class Diagram with a Property4.7 Auto-Implemented Properties4.8 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors4.8.1 Declaring an Account Constructor for Custom Object Initialization4.8.2 Class AccountTest: Initializing Account Objects When They’re Created4.9 Account Class with a Balance; Processing Monetary Amounts4.9.1 Account Class with a decimal balance Instance Variable4.9.2 AccountTest Class That Uses Account Objects with Balances4.10 Wrap-Up
5. Control Statements: Part 1
5.1 Introduction5.2 Control Structures5.2.1 Sequence Structure5.2.2 Selection Statements5.2.3 Iteration Statements5.2.4 Summary of Control Statements5.3 if Single-Selection Statement5.4 if...else Double-Selection Statement5.4.1 Nested if...else Statements5.4.2 Dangling-else Problem5.4.3 Blocks5.4.4 Conditional Operator (?:)5.5 Student Class: Nested if...else Statements5.6 while Iteration Statement5.7 Counter-Controlled Iteration5.7.1 Implementing Counter-Controlled Iteration5.7.2 Integer Division and Truncation5.8 Sentinel-Controlled Iteration5.8.1 Implementing Sentinel-Controlled Iteration5.8.2 Program Logic for Sentinel-Controlled Iteration5.8.3 Braces in a while Statement5.8.4 Converting Between Simple Types Explicitly and Implicitly5.8.5 Formatting Floating-Point Numbers5.9 Nested Control Statements5.10 Compound Assignment Operators5.11 Increment and Decrement Operators5.11.1 Prefix Increment vs. Postfix Increment5.11.2 Simplifying Increment Statements5.11.3 Operator Precedence and Associativity5.12 Simple Types5.13 Wrap-Up
6. Control Statements: Part 2
6.1 Introduction6.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration6.3 for Iteration Statement6.3.1 A Closer Look at the for Statement’s Header6.3.2 General Format of a for Statement6.3.3 Scope of a for Statement’s Control Variable6.3.4 Expressions in a for Statement’s Header Are Optional6.3.5 UML Activity Diagram for the for Statement6.4 App: Summing Even Integers6.5 App: Compound-Interest Calculations6.5.1 Performing the Interest Calculations with Math Method pow6.5.2 Formatting with Field Widths and Alignment6.5.3 Caution: Do Not Use float or double for Monetary Amounts6.6 do...while Iteration Statement6.7 switch Multiple-Selection Statement6.7.1 Using a switch Statement to Count A, B, C, D and F Grades6.7.2 switch Statement UML Activity Diagram6.7.3 Notes on the Expression in Each case of a switch6.8 Class AutoPolicy Case Study: strings in switch Statements6.9 break and continue Statements6.9.1 break Statement6.9.2 continue Statement6.10 Logical Operators6.10.1 Conditional AND (&&) Operator6.10.2 Conditional OR (||) Operator6.10.3 Short-Circuit Evaluation of Complex Conditions6.10.4 Boolean Logical AND (&) and Boolean Logical OR (|) Operators6.10.5 Boolean Logical Exclusive OR (^)6.10.6 Logical Negation (!) Operator6.10.7 Logical Operators Example6.11 Wrap-Up
7. Methods: A Deeper Look
7.1 Introduction7.2 Packaging Code in C#7.3 static Methods, static Variables and Class Math7.3.1 Math Class Methods7.3.2 Math Class Constants PI and E7.3.3 Why Is Main Declared static?7.3.4 Additional Comments About Main7.4 Methods with Multiple Parameters7.4.1 Keyword static7.4.2 Method Maximum7.4.3 Assembling strings with Concatenation7.4.4 Breaking Apart Large string Literals7.4.5 When to Declare Variables as Fields7.4.6 Implementing Method Maximum by Reusing Method Math.Max7.5 Notes on Using Methods7.6 Argument Promotion and Casting7.6.1 Promotion Rules7.6.2 Sometimes Explicit Casts Are Required7.7 The .NET Framework Class Library7.8 Case Study: Random-Number Generation7.8.1 Creating an Object of Type Random7.8.2 Generating a Random Integer7.8.3 Scaling the Random-Number Range7.8.4 Shifting Random-Number Range7.8.5 Combining Shifting and Scaling7.8.6 Rolling a Six-Sided Die7.8.7 Scaling and Shifting Random Numbers7.8.8 Repeatability for Testing and Debugging7.9 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing Enumerations7.9.1 Method RollDice7.9.2 Method Main’s Local Variables7.9.3 enum Type Status7.9.4 The First Roll7.9.5 enum Type DiceNames7.9.6 Underlying Type of an enum7.9.7 Comparing Integers and enum Constants7.10 Scope of Declarations7.11 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records7.11.1 Method-Call Stack7.11.2 Stack Frames7.11.3 Local Variables and Stack Frames7.11.4 Stack Overflow7.11.5 Method-Call Stack in Action7.12 Method Overloading7.12.1 Declaring Overloaded Methods7.12.2 Distinguishing Between Overloaded Methods7.12.3 Return Types of Overloaded Methods7.13 Optional Parameters7.14 Named Parameters7.15 C# 6 Expression-Bodied Methods and Properties7.16 Recursion7.16.1 Base Cases and Recursive Calls7.16.2 Recursive Factorial Calculations7.16.3 Implementing Factorial Recursively7.17 Value Types vs. Reference Types7.18 Passing Arguments By Value and By Reference7.18.1 ref and out Parameters7.18.2 Demonstrating ref, out and Value Parameters7.19 Wrap-Up
8. Arrays; Introduction to Exception Handling
8.1 Introduction8.2 Arrays8.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays8.4 Examples Using Arrays8.4.1 Creating and Initializing an Array8.4.2 Using an Array Initializer8.4.3 Calculating a Value to Store in Each Array Element8.4.4 Summing the Elements of an Array8.4.5 Iterating Through Arrays with foreach8.4.6 Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphically; Introducing Type Inference with var8.4.7 Using the Elements of an Array as Counters8.5 Using Arrays to Analyze Survey Results; Intro to Exception Handling8.5.1 Summarizing the Results8.5.2 Exception Handling: Processing the Incorrect Response8.5.3 The try Statement8.5.4 Executing the catch Block8.5.5 Message Property of the Exception Parameter8.6 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation8.6.1 Class Card and Getter-Only Auto-Implemented Properties8.6.2 Class DeckOfCards8.6.3 Shuffling and Dealing Cards8.7 Passing Arrays and Array Elements to Methods8.8 Case Study: GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades
8.9 Multidimensional Arrays
8.9.1 Rectangular Arrays8.9.2 Jagged Arrays8.9.3 Two-Dimensional Array Example: Displaying Element Values8.10 Case Study: GradeBook Using a Rectangular Array8.11 Variable-Length Argument Lists8.12 Using Command-Line Arguments8.13 (Optional) Passing Arrays by Value and by Reference8.14 Wrap-Up
9. Introduction to LINQ and the List Collection
9.1 Introduction9.2 Querying an Array of int Values Using LINQ9.2.1 The from Clause9.2.2 The where Clause9.2.3 The select Clause9.2.4 Iterating Through the Results of the LINQ Query9.2.5 The orderby Clause9.2.6 Interface IEnumerable<T>9.3 Querying an Array of Employee Objects Using LINQ9.3.1 Accessing the Properties of a LINQ Query’s Range Variable9.3.2 Sorting a LINQ Query’s Results by Multiple Properties9.3.3 Any, First and Count Extension Methods9.3.4 Selecting a Property of an Object9.3.5 Creating New Types in the select Clause of a LINQ Query9.4 Introduction to Collections9.4.1 List<T> Collection9.4.2 Dynamically Resizing a List<T> Collection9.5 Querying the Generic List Collection Using LINQ9.5.1 The let Clause9.5.2 Deferred Execution9.5.3 Extension Methods ToArray and ToList9.5.4 Collection Initializers9.6 Wrap-Up9.7 Deitel LINQ Resource Center
10. Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look
10.1 Introduction10.2 Time Class Case Study; Throwing Exceptions10.2.1 Time1 Class Declaration10.2.2 Using Class Time110.3 Controlling Access to Members10.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference10.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors10.5.1 Class Time2 with Overloaded Constructors10.5.2 Using Class Time2’s Overloaded Constructors10.6 Default and Parameterless Constructors10.7 Composition10.7.1 Class Date10.7.2 Class Employee10.7.3 Class EmployeeTest10.8 Garbage Collection and Destructors10.9 static Class Members10.10 readonly Instance Variables10.11 Class View and Object Browser10.11.1 Using the Class View Window10.11.2 Using the Object Browser10.12 Object Initializers10.13 Operator Overloading; Introducing struct10.13.1 Creating Value Types with struct10.13.2 Value Type ComplexNumber10.13.3 Class ComplexTest10.14 Time Class Case Study: Extension Methods10.15 Wrap-Up
11. Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance
11.1 Introduction11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes11.3 protected Members11.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes11.4.1 Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Class11.4.2 Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class without Using Inheritance11.4.3 Creating a CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy11.4.4 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Instance Variables11.4.5 CommissionEmployee–BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Instance Variables11.5 Constructors in Derived Classes11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance11.7 Class object11.8 Wrap-Up
12. OOP: Polymorphism and Interfaces
12.1 Introduction12.2 Polymorphism Examples12.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior12.4 Abstract Classes and Methods12.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism12.5.1 Creating Abstract Base Class Employee12.5.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class SalariedEmployee12.5.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class HourlyEmployee12.5.4 Creating Concrete Derived Class CommissionEmployee12.5.5 Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class BasePlusCommissionEmployee12.5.6 Polymorphic Processing, Operator is and Downcasting12.5.7 Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Base-Class and Derived-Class Variables12.6 sealed Methods and Classes12.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces12.7.1 Developing an IPayable Hierarchy12.7.2 Declaring Interface IPayable12.7.3 Creating Class Invoice12.7.4 Modifying Class Employee to Implement Interface IPayable12.7.5 Using Interface IPayable to Process Invoices and Employees Polymorphically12.7.6 Common Interfaces of the .NET Framework Class Library12.8 Wrap-Up
13. Exception Handling: A Deeper Look
13.1 Introduction13.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling13.2.1 Dividing By Zero13.2.2 Enter a Non-Numeric Denominator13.2.3 Unhandled Exceptions Terminate the App13.3 Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions13.3.1 Enclosing Code in a try Block13.3.2 Catching Exceptions13.3.3 Uncaught Exceptions13.3.4 Termination Model of Exception Handling13.3.5 Flow of Control When Exceptions Occur13.4 .NET Exception Hierarchy13.4.1 Class SystemException13.4.2 Which Exceptions Might a Method Throw?13.5 finally Block13.5.1 Moving Resource-Release Code to a finally Block13.5.2 Demonstrating the finally Block13.5.3 Throwing Exceptions Using the throw Statement13.5.4 Rethrowing Exceptions13.5.5 Returning After a finally Block13.6 The using Statement13.7 Exception Properties13.7.1 Property InnerException13.7.2 Other Exception Properties13.7.3 Demonstrating Exception Properties and Stack Unwinding13.7.4 Throwing an Exception with an InnerException13.7.5 Displaying Information About the Exception13.8 User-Defined Exception Classes13.9 Checking for null References; Introducing C# 6’s ?. Operator13.9.1 Null-Conditional Operator (?.)13.9.2 Revisiting Operators is and as13.9.3 Nullable Types13.9.4 Null Coalescing Operator (??)13.10 Exception Filters and the C# 6 when Clause13.11 Wrap-Up
14. Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 1
14.1 Introduction14.2 Windows Forms14.3 Event Handling14.3.1 A Simple Event-Driven GUI14.3.2 Auto-Generated GUI Code14.3.3 Delegates and the Event-Handling Mechanism14.3.4 Another Way to Create Event Handlers14.3.5 Locating Event Information14.4 Control Properties and Layout14.4.1 Anchoring and Docking14.4.2 Using Visual Studio To Edit a GUI’s Layout14.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons14.6 GroupBoxes and Panels14.7 CheckBoxes and RadioButtons14.7.1 CheckBoxes14.7.2 Combining Font Styles with Bitwise Operators14.7.3 RadioButtons14.8 PictureBoxes14.9 ToolTips14.10 NumericUpDown Control14.11 Mouse-Event Handling14.12 Keyboard-Event Handling14.13 Wrap-Up
15. Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 2
15.1 Introduction15.2 Menus15.3 MonthCalendar Control15.4 DateTimePicker Control15.5 LinkLabel Control15.6 ListBox Control15.7 CheckedListBox Control15.8 ComboBox Control15.9 TreeView Control15.10 ListView Control15.11 TabControl Control15.12 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows15.13 Visual Inheritance15.14 User-Defined Controls15.15 Wrap-Up
16. Strings and Characters: A Deeper Look
16.1 Introduction16.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings16.3 string Constructors16.4 string Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method16.5 Comparing strings16.6 Locating Characters and Substrings in strings16.7 Extracting Substrings from strings16.8 Concatenating strings16.9 Miscellaneous string Methods16.10 Class StringBuilder16.11 Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder16.12 Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder16.13 Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder16.14 Char Methods16.15 Introduction to Regular Expressions (Online)16.16 Wrap-Up
17. Files and Streams
17.1 Introduction17.2 Files and Streams17.3 Creating a Sequential-Access Text File17.4 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File17.5 Case Study: Credit-Inquiry Program17.6 Serialization17.7 Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization17.8 Reading and Deserializing Data from a Binary File17.9 Classes File and Directory17.9.1 Demonstrating Classes File and Directory17.9.2 Searching Directories with LINQ17.10 Wrap-Up
18. Generics
18.1 Introduction18.2 Motivation for Generic Methods18.3 Generic-Method Implementation18.4 Type Constraints18.4.1 IComparable<T> Interface18.4.2 Specifying Type Constraints18.5 Overloading Generic Methods18.6 Generic Classes18.7 Wrap-Up
19. Generic Collections; Functional Programming with LINQ/PLINQ
19.1 Introduction19.2 Collections Overview19.3 Class Array and Enumerators19.3.1 C# 6 using static Directive19.3.2 Class UsingArray’s static Fields19.3.3 Array Method Sort19.3.4 Array Method Copy19.3.5 Array Method BinarySearch19.3.6 Array Method GetEnumerator and Interface IEnumerator19.3.7 Iterating Over a Collection with foreach19.3.8 Array Methods Clear, IndexOf, LastIndexOf and Reverse19.4 Dictionary Collections19.4.1 Dictionary Fundamentals19.4.2 Using the SortedDictionary Collection19.5 Generic LinkedList Collection19.6 C# 6 Null Conditional Operator ?[]19.7 C# 6 Dictionary Initializers and Collection Initializers19.8 Delegates19.8.1 Declaring a Delegate Type19.8.2 Declaring a Delegate Variable19.8.3 Delegate Parameters19.8.4 Passing a Method Name Directly to a Delegate Parameter19.9 Lambda Expressions19.9.1 Expression Lambdas19.9.2 Assigning Lambdas to Delegate Variables19.9.3 Explicitly Typed Lambda Parameters19.9.4 Statement Lambdas19.10 Introduction to Functional Programming19.11 Functional Programming with LINQ Method-Call Syntax and Lambdas19.11.1 LINQ Extension Methods Min, Max, Sum and Average19.11.2 Aggregate Extension Method for Reduction Operations19.11.3 The Where Extension Method for Filtering Operations19.11.4 Select Extension Method for Mapping Operations19.12 PLINQ: Improving LINQ to Objects Performance with Multicore19.13 (Optional) Covariance and Contravariance for Generic Types19.14 Wrap-Up
20. Databases and LINQ
20.1 Introduction20.2 Relational Databases20.3 A Books Database20.4 LINQ to Entities and the ADO.NET Entity Framework20.5 Querying a Database with LINQ20.5.1 Creating the ADO.NET Entity Data Model Class Library20.5.2 Creating a Windows Forms Project and Configuring It to Use the Entity Data Model20.5.3 Data Bindings Between Controls and the Entity Data Model20.6 Dynamically Binding Query Results20.6.1 Creating the Display Query Results GUI20.6.2 Coding the Display Query Results App20.7 Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ20.8 Creating a Master/Detail View App20.8.1 Creating the Master/Detail GUI20.8.2 Coding the Master/Detail App20.9 Address Book Case Study20.9.1 Creating the Address Book App’s GUI20.9.2 Coding the Address Book App20.10 Tools and Web Resources20.11 Wrap-Up
21. Asynchronous Programming with async and await
21.1 Introduction21.2 Basics of async and await21.2.1 async Modifier21.2.2 await Expression21.2.3 async, await and Threads21.3 Executing an Asynchronous Task from a GUI App21.3.1 Performing a Task Asynchronously21.3.2 Method calculateButton_Click21.3.3 Task Method Run: Executing Asynchronously in a Separate Thread21.3.4 awaiting the Result21.3.5 Calculating the Next Fibonacci Value Synchronously21.4 Sequential Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks21.5 Asynchronous Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks21.5.1 awaiting Multiple Tasks with Task Method WhenAll21.5.2 Method StartFibonacci21.5.3 Modifying a GUI from a Separate Thread21.5.4 awaiting One of Several Tasks with Task Method WhenAny21.6 Invoking a Flickr Web Service Asynchronously with HttpClient21.6.1 Using Class HttpClient to Invoke a Web Service21.6.2 Invoking the Flickr Web Service’s flickr.photos.search Method21.6.3 Processing the XML Response21.6.4 Binding the Photo Titles to the ListBox21.6.5 Asynchronously Downloading an Image’s Bytes21.7 Displaying an Asynchronous Task’s Progress21.8 Wrap-Up
22. XML and LINQ to XML
22.1 Introduction22.2 XML BasicsViewing and Modifying XML DocumentsProcessing XML DocumentsValidating XML DocumentsFormatting and Manipulating XML Documents22.3 Structuring DataViewing an XML Document in Microsoft EdgeXML Markup for a Business Letter22.4 XML NamespacesDifferentiating Elements with NamespacesSpecifying a Default NamespaceNamespaces in XML Vocabularies22.5 Document Type Definitions (DTDs)Creating a Document Type DefinitionDefining Elements in a DTDDefining Attributes in a DTDCharacter Data vs. Parsed Character DataDefining Empty Elements in a DTDWell-Formed Documents vs. Valid Documents22.6 W3C XML Schema DocumentsValidating Against an XML Schema DocumentCreating an XML Schema DocumentDefining an Element in XML SchemaA Closer Look at Types in XML SchemaXML Schema with Simple and Complext TypesOpening schema TagsimpleType Element gigahertzcomplexType Element CPUcomplexType Element portableUsing the laptop ElementAutomatically Creating Schemas using Visual Studio22.7 Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL TransformationsA Simple XSL ExampleXSL for Transforming sports.xmlstylesheet Start Tagxsl:output Elementxsl:template Elementxsl:for-each ElementUsing XSLT to Sort and Format DataSummary of XSL Style-Sheet Elements
22.8 LINQ to XML: Document Object Model (DOM)
Reading an XML Document with an XDocument22.9 LINQ to XML Class HierarchylocateComboBox_SelectedIndexChanged Event HandlerPrintIDs MethodLINQ to XML Class HierarchyfirstChildButton_Click Event HandlerNodeText MethodOther Button Event Handlers22.10 LINQ to XML: Namespaces and Creating Documents22.11 XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransformPerforming an XSL Transformation in C# Using the .NET Framework22.12 Wrap-Up
23. GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation
23.1 Introduction23.2 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)23.3 Declarative GUI Programming Using XAML23.4 Creating a WPF App23.5 Laying Out Controls23.5.1 General Layout Principles23.5.2 Layout in Action23.6 Event Handling23.7 Commands and Common Application Tasks23.8 WPF GUI Customization23.9 Using Styles to Change the Appearance of Controls23.10 Customizing Windows23.11 Defining a Control’s Appearance with Control Templates23.12 Data-Driven GUIs with Data Binding23.13 Wrap-Up
24. WPF Graphics and Multimedia
24.1 Introduction24.2 Controlling Fonts24.3 Basic Shapes24.4 Polygons and Polylines24.5 BrushesImageBrushVisualBrush and MediaElementGradients24.6 Transforms24.7 WPF Customization: A Television GUIWPF EffectsCreating Buttons on the TVCreating the TV InterfaceCreating the Reflection of the TV ScreenSkewing the GUI Components to Create a 3-D LookExamining the Code-Behind Class24.8 Animations24.9 Speech Synthesis and Speech RecognitionInstance VariablesConstructorMethod SpeechButton_ClickMethod Image_MouseDownMethod myGrammar_SpeechRecognizedMethod DisplaySpeak24.10 Wrap-Up
25. ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML
25.1 Introduction25.2 Examining the ATM Requirements DocumentRequirements DocumentAnalyzing the ATM SystemUse Case DiagramsDesigning the ATM SystemWeb ResourcesSelf-Review Exercises25.3 Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements DocumentIdentifying the Classes in a SystemModeling ClassesSelf-Review Exercises25.4 Identifying Class AttributesIdentifying AttributesModeling AttributesSelf-Review Exercises25.5 Identifying Objects’ States and ActivitiesState Machine DiagramsActivity DiagramsSelf-Review Exercises25.6 Identifying Class OperationsIdentifying OperationsModeling OperationsOperations of Class BankDatabase and Class AccountOperations of Class ScreenOperations of Class KeypadOperations of Class CashDispenser and Class DepositSlotOperations of Class ATMIdentifying and Modeling Operation ParametersSelf-Review Exercises25.7 Identifying Collaboration Among ObjectsIdentifying the Collaborations in a SystemInteraction DiagramsCommunication DiagramsSequence of Messages in a Communication DiagramSequence DiagramsSelf-Review Exercises25.8 Wrap-UpAnswers to Self-Review Exercises
26. ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an OO Design in C#
26.1 Introduction26.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM SystemVisibilityNavigabilityImplementing the ATM System from Its UML DesignSelf-Review Exercises26.3 Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM SystemImplementing the ATM System Design Incorporating InheritanceSelf-Review Exercises26.4 ATM Case Study Implementation26.4.1 Class ATM26.4.2 Class Screen26.4.3 Class Keypad26.4.4 Class CashDispenser26.4.5 Class DepositSlot26.4.6 Class Account26.4.7 Class BankDatabase26.4.8 Class Transaction26.4.9 Class BalanceInquiry26.4.10 Class Withdrawal26.4.11 Class Deposit26.4.12 Class ATMCaseStudy26.5 Wrap-UpAnswers to Self-Review Exercises
A. Operator Precedence Chart
B. Simple Types
Additional Simple Type Information
C. ASCII Character Set
D. Number Systems
D.1 IntroductionD.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal NumbersD.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary NumbersD.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to DecimalD.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or HexadecimalD.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two’s Complement Notation
E. UML 2: Additional Diagram Types
E.1 IntroductionE.2 Additional Diagram Types
F. Unicode®
F.1 IntroductionF.2 Unicode Transformation FormatsF.3 Characters and GlyphsF.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of UnicodeF.5 Using UnicodeF.6 Character Ranges
G. Using the Visual Studio Debugger
G.1 IntroductionG.2 Breakpoints and the Continue CommandG.3 DataTips and VisualizersG.4 The Locals and Watch WindowsG.5 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue CommandsG.6 Other Debugging FeaturesG.6.1 Exception AssistantG.6.2 Just My Code™ DebuggingG.6.3 Other Debugger FeaturesG.7 Wrap-Up
Index
Code Snippets

Content preview from C# 6 for Programmers, Sixth Edition

12. OOP: Polymorphism and Interfaces

Objectives

In this chapter you’ll:

Understand how polymorphism enables you to “program in the general” and make systems extensible.

Use overridden methods to effect polymorphism.

Create abstract classes and methods.

Determine an object’s type at execution time with operator is, then use downcasting to perform ...

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C# 6 for Programmers, Sixth Edition

by Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel

12. OOP: Polymorphism and Interfaces

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