C# 7.0 in a Nutshell

C# 7.0 in a Nutshell

by Joseph Albahari, Ben Albahari
Released October 2017
Publisher(s): O'Reilly Media, Inc.
ISBN: 9781491987650

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Book description

When you have questions about C# 7.0 or the .NET CLR and its core Framework assemblies, this bestselling guide has the answers you need. Since its debut in 2000, C# has become a language of unusual flexibility and breadth, but its continual growth means there’s always more to learn.

Organized around concepts and use cases, this updated edition provides intermediate and advanced programmers with a concise map of C# and .NET knowledge. Dive in and discover why this Nutshell guide is considered the definitive reference on C#.

  • Get up to speed on the C# language, from the basics of syntax and variables to advanced topics such as pointers, operator overloading, and dynamic binding
  • Dig deep into LINQ via three chapters dedicated to the topic
  • Explore concurrency and asynchrony, advanced threading, and parallel programming
  • Work with .NET features, including XML, regular expressions, networking, serialization, reflection, application domains, and security
  • Delve into Roslyn, the modular C# 7.0 compiler-as-a-service

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Table of contents

  1. Preface
    1. Intended Audience
    2. How This Book Is Organized
    3. What You Need to Use This Book
    4. Conventions Used in This Book
    5. Using Code Examples
    6. O’Reilly Safari
    7. We’d Like to Hear from You
    8. Acknowledgments
      1. Joseph Albahari
      2. Ben Albahari
  2. 1. Introducing C# and the .NET Framework
    1. Object Orientation
    2. Type Safety
    3. Memory Management
    4. Platform Support
    5. C# and the CLR
    6. The CLR and .NET Framework
    7. Other Frameworks
      1. Legacy and Niche Frameworks
      2. Windows Runtime
    8. A Brief History of C#
      1. What’s New in C# 7.0
      2. What’s New in C# 6.0
      3. What’s New in C# 5.0
      4. What’s New in C# 4.0
      5. What’s New in C# 3.0
      6. What’s New in C# 2.0
  3. 2. C# Language Basics
    1. A First C# Program
      1. Compilation
    2. Syntax
      1. Identifiers and Keywords
      2. Literals, Punctuators, and Operators
      3. Comments
    3. Type Basics
      1. Predefined Type Examples
      2. Custom Type Examples
      3. Conversions
      4. Value Types Versus Reference Types
      5. Predefined Type Taxonomy
    4. Numeric Types
      1. Numeric Literals
      2. Numeric Conversions
      3. Arithmetic Operators
      4. Increment and Decrement Operators
      5. Specialized Operations on Integral Types
      6. 8- and 16-Bit Integral Types
      7. Special Float and Double Values
      8. double Versus decimal
      9. Real Number Rounding Errors
    5. Boolean Type and Operators
      1. Bool Conversions
      2. Equality and Comparison Operators
      3. Conditional Operators
    6. Strings and Characters
      1. Char Conversions
      2. String Type
    7. Arrays
      1. Default Element Initialization
      2. Multidimensional Arrays
      3. Simplified Array Initialization Expressions
      4. Bounds Checking
    8. Variables and Parameters
      1. The Stack and the Heap
      2. Definite Assignment
      3. Default Values
      4. Parameters
      5. Ref Locals (C# 7)
      6. Ref Returns (C# 7)
      7. var—Implicitly Typed Local Variables
    9. Expressions and Operators
      1. Primary Expressions
      2. Void Expressions
      3. Assignment Expressions
      4. Operator Precedence and Associativity
      5. Operator Table
    10. Null Operators
      1. Null Coalescing Operator
      2. Null-conditional Operator (C# 6)
    11. Statements
      1. Declaration Statements
      2. Expression Statements
      3. Selection Statements
      4. Iteration Statements
      5. Jump Statements
      6. Miscellaneous Statements
    12. Namespaces
      1. The using Directive
      2. using static (C# 6)
      3. Rules Within a Namespace
      4. Aliasing Types and Namespaces
      5. Advanced Namespace Features
  4. 3. Creating Types in C#
    1. Classes
      1. Fields
      2. Methods
      3. Instance Constructors
      4. Deconstructors (C# 7)
      5. Object Initializers
      6. The this Reference
      7. Properties
      8. Indexers
      9. Constants
      10. Static Constructors
      11. Static Classes
      12. Finalizers
      13. Partial Types and Methods
      14. The nameof Operator (C# 6)
    2. Inheritance
      1. Polymorphism
      2. Casting and Reference Conversions
      3. Virtual Function Members
      4. Abstract Classes and Abstract Members
      5. Hiding Inherited Members
      6. Sealing Functions and Classes
      7. The base Keyword
      8. Constructors and Inheritance
      9. Overloading and Resolution
    3. The object Type
      1. Boxing and Unboxing
      2. Static and Runtime Type Checking
      3. The GetType Method and typeof Operator
      4. The ToString Method
      5. Object Member Listing
    4. Structs
      1. Struct Construction Semantics
    5. Access Modifiers
      1. Examples
      2. Friend Assemblies
      3. Accessibility Capping
      4. Restrictions on Access Modifiers
    6. Interfaces
      1. Extending an Interface
      2. Explicit Interface Implementation
      3. Implementing Interface Members Virtually
      4. Reimplementing an Interface in a Subclass
      5. Interfaces and Boxing
    7. Enums
      1. Enum Conversions
      2. Flags Enums
      3. Enum Operators
      4. Type-Safety Issues
    8. Nested Types
    9. Generics
      1. Generic Types
      2. Why Generics Exist
      3. Generic Methods
      4. Declaring Type Parameters
      5. typeof and Unbound Generic Types
      6. The default Generic Value
      7. Generic Constraints
      8. Subclassing Generic Types
      9. Self-Referencing Generic Declarations
      10. Static Data
      11. Type Parameters and Conversions
      12. Covariance
      13. Contravariance
      14. C# Generics Versus C++ Templates
  5. 4. Advanced C#
    1. Delegates
      1. Writing Plug-in Methods with Delegates
      2. Multicast Delegates
      3. Instance Versus Static Method Targets
      4. Generic Delegate Types
      5. The Func and Action Delegates
      6. Delegates Versus Interfaces
      7. Delegate Compatibility
    2. Events
      1. Standard Event Pattern
      2. Event Accessors
      3. Event Modifiers
    3. Lambda Expressions
      1. Explicitly Specifying Lambda Parameter Types
      2. Capturing Outer Variables
      3. Lambda Expressions Versus Local Methods
    4. Anonymous Methods
    5. try Statements and Exceptions
      1. The catch Clause
      2. The finally Block
      3. Throwing Exceptions
      4. Key Properties of System.Exception
      5. Common Exception Types
      6. The TryXXX Method Pattern
      7. Alternatives to Exceptions
    6. Enumeration and Iterators
      1. Enumeration
      2. Collection Initializers
      3. Iterators
      4. Iterator Semantics
      5. Composing Sequences
    7. Nullable Types
      1. Nullable<T> Struct
      2. Implicit and Explicit Nullable Conversions
      3. Boxing and Unboxing Nullable Values
      4. Operator Lifting
      5. bool? with & and | Operators
      6. Nullable Types and Null Operators
      7. Scenarios for Nullable Types
      8. Alternatives to Nullable Types
    8. Extension Methods
      1. Extension Method Chaining
      2. Ambiguity and Resolution
    9. Anonymous Types
    10. Tuples (C# 7)
      1. Naming Tuple Elements
      2. ValueTuple.Create
      3. Deconstructing Tuples
      4. Equality Comparison
      5. The System.Tuple Classes
    11. Attributes
      1. Attribute Classes
      2. Named and Positional Attribute Parameters
      3. Attribute Targets
      4. Specifying Multiple Attributes
    12. Caller Info Attributes
    13. Dynamic Binding
      1. Static Binding Versus Dynamic Binding
      2. Custom Binding
      3. Language Binding
      4. RuntimeBinderException
      5. Runtime Representation of Dynamic
      6. Dynamic Conversions
      7. var Versus dynamic
      8. Dynamic Expressions
      9. Dynamic Calls Without Dynamic Receivers
      10. Static Types in Dynamic Expressions
      11. Uncallable Functions
    14. Operator Overloading
      1. Operator Functions
      2. Overloading Equality and Comparison Operators
      3. Custom Implicit and Explicit Conversions
      4. Overloading true and false
    15. Unsafe Code and Pointers
      1. Pointer Basics
      2. Unsafe Code
      3. The fixed Statement
      4. The Pointer-to-Member Operator
      5. Arrays
      6. void*
      7. Pointers to Unmanaged Code
    16. Preprocessor Directives
      1. Conditional Attributes
      2. Pragma Warning
    17. XML Documentation
      1. Standard XML Documentation Tags
      2. User-Defined Tags
      3. Type or Member Cross-References
  6. 5. Framework Overview
    1. .NET Standard 2.0
      1. Older .NET Standards
      2. Reference Assemblies
    2. The CLR and Core Framework
      1. System Types
      2. Text Processing
      3. Collections
      4. Queries
      5. XML
      6. Diagnostics
      7. Concurrency and Asynchrony
      8. Streams and I/O
      9. Networking
      10. Serialization
      11. Assemblies, Reflection, and Attributes
      12. Dynamic Programming
      13. Security
      14. Advanced Threading
      15. Parallel Programming
      16. Application Domains
      17. Native and COM Interoperability
    3. Applied Technologies
      1. User-Interface APIs
      2. Backend Technologies
      3. Distributed System Technologies
  7. 6. Framework Fundamentals
    1. String and Text Handling
      1. Char
      2. String
      3. Comparing Strings
      4. StringBuilder
      5. Text Encodings and Unicode
    2. Dates and Times
      1. TimeSpan
      2. DateTime and DateTimeOffset
    3. Dates and Time Zones
      1. DateTime and Time Zones
      2. DateTimeOffset and Time Zones
      3. TimeZone and TimeZoneInfo
      4. Daylight Saving Time and DateTime
    4. Formatting and Parsing
      1. ToString and Parse
      2. Format Providers
    5. Standard Format Strings and Parsing Flags
      1. Numeric Format Strings
      2. NumberStyles
      3. Date/Time Format Strings
      4. DateTimeStyles
      5. Enum Format Strings
    6. Other Conversion Mechanisms
      1. Convert
      2. XmlConvert
      3. Type Converters
      4. BitConverter
    7. Globalization
      1. Globalization Checklist
      2. Testing
    8. Working with Numbers
      1. Conversions
      2. Math
      3. BigInteger
      4. Complex
      5. Random
    9. Enums
      1. Enum Conversions
      2. Enumerating Enum Values
      3. How Enums Work
    10. The Guid Struct
    11. Equality Comparison
      1. Value Versus Referential Equality
      2. Standard Equality Protocols
      3. Equality and Custom Types
    12. Order Comparison
      1. IComparable
      2. < and >
      3. Implementing the IComparable Interfaces
    13. Utility Classes
      1. Console
      2. Environment
      3. Process
      4. AppContext
  8. 7. Collections
    1. Enumeration
      1. IEnumerable and IEnumerator
      2. IEnumerable<T> and IEnumerator<T>
      3. Implementing the Enumeration Interfaces
    2. The ICollection and IList Interfaces
      1. ICollection<T> and ICollection
      2. IList<T> and IList
      3. IReadOnlyList<T>
    3. The Array Class
      1. Construction and Indexing
      2. Enumeration
      3. Length and Rank
      4. Searching
      5. Sorting
      6. Reversing Elements
      7. Copying
      8. Converting and Resizing
    4. Lists, Queues, Stacks, and Sets
      1. List<T> and ArrayList
      2. LinkedList<T>
      3. Queue<T> and Queue
      4. Stack<T> and Stack
      5. BitArray
      6. HashSet<T> and SortedSet<T>
    5. Dictionaries
      1. IDictionary<TKey,TValue>
      2. IDictionary
      3. Dictionary<TKey,TValue> and Hashtable
      4. OrderedDictionary
      5. ListDictionary and HybridDictionary
      6. Sorted Dictionaries
    6. Customizable Collections and Proxies
      1. Collection<T> and CollectionBase
      2. KeyedCollection<TKey,TItem> and DictionaryBase
      3. ReadOnlyCollection<T>
    7. Plugging in Equality and Order
      1. IEqualityComparer and EqualityComparer
      2. IComparer and Comparer
      3. StringComparer
      4. IStructuralEquatable and IStructuralComparable
  9. 8. LINQ Queries
    1. Getting Started
    2. Fluent Syntax
      1. Chaining Query Operators
      2. Composing Lambda Expressions
      3. Natural Ordering
      4. Other Operators
    3. Query Expressions
      1. Range Variables
      2. Query Syntax Versus SQL Syntax
      3. Query Syntax Versus Fluent Syntax
      4. Mixed-Syntax Queries
    4. Deferred Execution
      1. Reevaluation
      2. Captured Variables
      3. How Deferred Execution Works
      4. Chaining Decorators
      5. How Queries Are Executed
    5. Subqueries
      1. Subqueries and Deferred Execution
    6. Composition Strategies
      1. Progressive Query Building
      2. The into Keyword
      3. Wrapping Queries
    7. Projection Strategies
      1. Object Initializers
      2. Anonymous Types
      3. The let Keyword
    8. Interpreted Queries
      1. How Interpreted Queries Work
      2. Combining Interpreted and Local Queries
      3. AsEnumerable
    9. LINQ to SQL and Entity Framework
      1. LINQ to SQL Entity Classes
      2. Entity Framework Entity Classes
      3. DataContext and ObjectContext
      4. Associations
      5. Deferred Execution with L2S and EF
      6. DataLoadOptions
      7. Eager Loading in Entity Framework
      8. Updates
      9. API Differences Between L2S and EF
    10. Building Query Expressions
      1. Delegates Versus Expression Trees
      2. Expression Trees
  10. 9. LINQ Operators
    1. Overview
      1. Sequence→Sequence
      2. Sequence→Element or Value
      3. Void→Sequence
    2. Filtering
      1. Where
      2. Take and Skip
      3. TakeWhile and SkipWhile
      4. Distinct
    3. Projecting
      1. Select
      2. SelectMany
    4. Joining
      1. Join and GroupJoin
      2. The Zip Operator
    5. Ordering
      1. OrderBy, OrderByDescending, ThenBy, and ThenByDescending
    6. Grouping
      1. GroupBy
    7. Set Operators
      1. Concat and Union
      2. Intersect and Except
    8. Conversion Methods
      1. OfType and Cast
      2. ToArray, ToList, ToDictionary, and ToLookup
      3. AsEnumerable and AsQueryable
    9. Element Operators
      1. First, Last, and Single
      2. ElementAt
      3. DefaultIfEmpty
    10. Aggregation Methods
      1. Count and LongCount
      2. Min and Max
      3. Sum and Average
      4. Aggregate
    11. Quantifiers
      1. Contains and Any
      2. All and SequenceEqual
    12. Generation Methods
      1. Empty
      2. Range and Repeat
  11. 10. LINQ to XML
    1. Architectural Overview
      1. What Is a DOM?
      2. The LINQ to XML DOM
    2. X-DOM Overview
      1. Loading and Parsing
      2. Saving and Serializing
    3. Instantiating an X-DOM
      1. Functional Construction
      2. Specifying Content
      3. Automatic Deep Cloning
    4. Navigating and Querying
      1. Child Node Navigation
      2. Parent Navigation
      3. Peer Node Navigation
      4. Attribute Navigation
    5. Updating an X-DOM
      1. Simple Value Updates
      2. Updating Child Nodes and Attributes
      3. Updating Through the Parent
    6. Working with Values
      1. Setting Values
      2. Getting Values
      3. Values and Mixed Content Nodes
      4. Automatic XText Concatenation
    7. Documents and Declarations
      1. XDocument
      2. XML Declarations
    8. Names and Namespaces
      1. Namespaces in XML
      2. Specifying Namespaces in the X-DOM
      3. The X-DOM and Default Namespaces
      4. Prefixes
    9. Annotations
    10. Projecting into an X-DOM
      1. Eliminating Empty Elements
      2. Streaming a Projection
      3. Transforming an X-DOM
  12. 11. Other XML Technologies
    1. XmlReader
      1. Reading Nodes
      2. Reading Elements
      3. Reading Attributes
      4. Namespaces and Prefixes
    2. XmlWriter
      1. Writing Attributes
      2. Writing Other Node Types
      3. Namespaces and Prefixes
    3. Patterns for Using XmlReader/XmlWriter
      1. Working with Hierarchical Data
      2. Mixing XmlReader/XmlWriter with an X-DOM
    4. XSD and Schema Validation
      1. Performing Schema Validation
    5. XSLT
  13. 12. Disposal and Garbage Collection
    1. IDisposable, Dispose, and Close
      1. Standard Disposal Semantics
      2. When to Dispose
      3. Opt-in Disposal
      4. Clearing Fields in Disposal
    2. Automatic Garbage Collection
      1. Roots
      2. Garbage Collection and WinRT
    3. Finalizers
      1. Calling Dispose from a Finalizer
      2. Resurrection
    4. How the Garbage Collector Works
      1. Optimization Techniques
      2. Forcing Garbage Collection
      3. Tuning Garbage Collection
      4. Memory Pressure
    5. Managed Memory Leaks
      1. Timers
      2. Diagnosing Memory Leaks
    6. Weak References
      1. Weak References and Caching
      2. Weak References and Events
  14. 13. Diagnostics
    1. Conditional Compilation
      1. Conditional Compilation Versus Static Variable Flags
      2. The Conditional Attribute
    2. Debug and Trace Classes
      1. Fail and Assert
      2. TraceListener
      3. Flushing and Closing Listeners
    3. Debugger Integration
      1. Attaching and Breaking
      2. Debugger Attributes
    4. Processes and Process Threads
      1. Examining Running Processes
      2. Examining Threads in a Process
    5. StackTrace and StackFrame
    6. Windows Event Logs
      1. Writing to the Event Log
      2. Reading the Event Log
      3. Monitoring the Event Log
    7. Performance Counters
      1. Enumerating the Available Counters
      2. Reading Performance Counter Data
      3. Creating Counters and Writing Performance Data
    8. The Stopwatch Class
  15. 14. Concurrency and Asynchrony
    1. Introduction
    2. Threading
      1. Creating a Thread
      2. Join and Sleep
      3. Blocking
      4. Local Versus Shared State
      5. Locking and Thread Safety
      6. Passing Data to a Thread
      7. Exception Handling
      8. Foreground Versus Background Threads
      9. Thread Priority
      10. Signaling
      11. Threading in Rich-Client Applications
      12. Synchronization Contexts
      13. The Thread Pool
    3. Tasks
      1. Starting a Task
      2. Returning Values
      3. Exceptions
      4. Continuations
      5. TaskCompletionSource
      6. Task.Delay
    4. Principles of Asynchrony
      1. Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Operations
      2. What Is Asynchronous Programming?
      3. Asynchronous Programming and Continuations
      4. Why Language Support Is Important
    5. Asynchronous Functions in C#
      1. Awaiting
      2. Writing Asynchronous Functions
      3. Asynchronous Lambda Expressions
      4. Asynchronous Methods in WinRT
      5. Asynchrony and Synchronization Contexts
      6. Optimizations
    6. Asynchronous Patterns
      1. Cancellation
      2. Progress Reporting
      3. The Task-based Asynchronous Pattern (TAP)
      4. Task Combinators
    7. Obsolete Patterns
      1. Asynchronous Programming Model (APM)
      2. Event-Based Asynchronous Pattern (EAP)
      3. BackgroundWorker
  16. 15. Streams and I/O
    1. Stream Architecture
    2. Using Streams
      1. Reading and Writing
      2. Seeking
      3. Closing and Flushing
      4. Timeouts
      5. Thread Safety
      6. Backing Store Streams
      7. FileStream
      8. MemoryStream
      9. PipeStream
      10. BufferedStream
    3. Stream Adapters
      1. Text Adapters
      2. Binary Adapters
      3. Closing and Disposing Stream Adapters
    4. Compression Streams
      1. Compressing in Memory
    5. Working with ZIP Files
    6. File and Directory Operations
      1. The File Class
      2. The Directory Class
      3. FileInfo and DirectoryInfo
      4. Path
      5. Special Folders
      6. Querying Volume Information
      7. Catching Filesystem Events
    7. File I/O in UWP
      1. Working with Directories
      2. Working with Files
      3. Isolated Storage in UWP Apps
    8. Memory-Mapped Files
      1. Memory-Mapped Files and Random File I/O
      2. Memory-Mapped Files and Shared Memory
      3. Working with View Accessors
    9. Isolated Storage
  17. 16. Networking
    1. Network Architecture
    2. Addresses and Ports
    3. URIs
    4. Client-Side Classes
      1. WebClient
      2. WebRequest and WebResponse
      3. HttpClient
      4. Proxies
      5. Authentication
      6. Exception Handling
    5. Working with HTTP
      1. Headers
      2. Query Strings
      3. Uploading Form Data
      4. Cookies
      5. Forms Authentication
      6. SSL
    6. Writing an HTTP Server
    7. Using FTP
    8. Using DNS
    9. Sending Mail with SmtpClient
    10. Using TCP
      1. Concurrency with TCP
    11. Receiving POP3 Mail with TCP
    12. TCP in Windows Runtime
  18. 17. Serialization
    1. Serialization Concepts
      1. Serialization Engines
      2. Formatters
      3. Explicit Versus Implicit Serialization
    2. The Data Contract Serializer
      1. DataContractSerializer Versus NetDataContractSerializer
      2. Using the Serializers
      3. Serializing Subclasses
      4. Object References
      5. Version Tolerance
      6. Member Ordering
      7. Null and Empty Values
    3. Data Contracts and Collections
      1. Subclassed Collection Elements
      2. Customizing Collection and Element Names
    4. Extending Data Contracts
      1. Serialization and Deserialization Hooks
      2. Interoperating with [Serializable]
      3. Interoperating with IXmlSerializable
    5. The Binary Serializer
      1. Getting Started
    6. Binary Serialization Attributes
      1. [NonSerialized]
      2. [OnDeserializing] and [OnDeserialized]
      3. [OnSerializing] and [OnSerialized]
      4. [OptionalField] and Versioning
    7. Binary Serialization with ISerializable
      1. Subclassing Serializable Classes
    8. XML Serialization
      1. Getting Started with Attribute-Based Serialization
      2. Subclasses and Child Objects
      3. Serializing Collections
      4. IXmlSerializable
  19. 18. Assemblies
    1. What’s in an Assembly
      1. The Assembly Manifest
      2. The Application Manifest
      3. Modules
      4. The Assembly Class
    2. Strong Names and Assembly Signing
      1. How to Strongly Name an Assembly
      2. Delay Signing
    3. Assembly Names
      1. Fully Qualified Names
      2. The AssemblyName Class
      3. Assembly Informational and File Versions
    4. Authenticode Signing
      1. How to Sign with Authenticode
      2. Authenticode Validation
    5. The Global Assembly Cache
      1. How to Install Assemblies to the GAC
      2. GAC and Versioning
    6. Resources and Satellite Assemblies
      1. Directly Embedding Resources
      2. .resources Files
      3. .resx Files
      4. Satellite Assemblies
      5. Cultures and Subcultures
    7. Resolving and Loading Assemblies
      1. Assembly and Type Resolution Rules
      2. AssemblyResolve
      3. Loading Assemblies
    8. Deploying Assemblies Outside the Base Folder
    9. Packing a Single-File Executable
    10. Working with Unreferenced Assemblies
  20. 19. Reflection and Metadata
    1. Reflecting and Activating Types
      1. Obtaining a Type
      2. Type Names
      3. Base Types and Interfaces
      4. Instantiating Types
      5. Generic Types
    2. Reflecting and Invoking Members
      1. Member Types
      2. C# Members Versus CLR Members
      3. Generic Type Members
      4. Dynamically Invoking a Member
      5. Method Parameters
      6. Using Delegates for Performance
      7. Accessing Nonpublic Members
      8. Generic Methods
      9. Anonymously Calling Members of a Generic Interface
    3. Reflecting Assemblies
      1. Loading an Assembly into a Reflection-Only Context
      2. Modules
    4. Working with Attributes
      1. Attribute Basics
      2. The AttributeUsage Attribute
      3. Defining Your Own Attribute
      4. Retrieving Attributes at Runtime
      5. Retrieving Attributes in the Reflection-Only Context
    5. Dynamic Code Generation
      1. Generating IL with DynamicMethod
      2. The Evaluation Stack
      3. Passing Arguments to a Dynamic Method
      4. Generating Local Variables
      5. Branching
      6. Instantiating Objects and Calling Instance Methods
      7. Exception Handling
    6. Emitting Assemblies and Types
      1. Saving Emitted Assemblies
      2. The Reflection.Emit Object Model
    7. Emitting Type Members
      1. Emitting Methods
      2. Emitting Fields and Properties
      3. Emitting Constructors
      4. Attaching Attributes
    8. Emitting Generic Methods and Types
      1. Defining Generic Methods
      2. Defining Generic Types
    9. Awkward Emission Targets
      1. Uncreated Closed Generics
      2. Circular Dependencies
    10. Parsing IL
      1. Writing a Disassembler
  21. 20. Dynamic Programming
    1. The Dynamic Language Runtime
    2. Numeric Type Unification
    3. Dynamic Member Overload Resolution
      1. Simplifying the Visitor Pattern
      2. Anonymously Calling Members of a Generic Type
    4. Implementing Dynamic Objects
      1. DynamicObject
      2. ExpandoObject
    5. Interoperating with Dynamic Languages
      1. Passing State Between C# and a Script
  22. 21. Security
    1. Code Access Security
    2. Identity and Role Security
      1. Permissions
      2. Declarative Versus Imperative Security
      3. Implementing Identity and Role Security
      4. Assigning Users and Roles
    3. Operating System Security
      1. Running in a Standard User Account
      2. Administrative Elevation and Virtualization
    4. Cryptography Overview
    5. Windows Data Protection
    6. Hashing
    7. Symmetric Encryption
      1. Encrypting in Memory
      2. Chaining Encryption Streams
      3. Disposing Encryption Objects
      4. Key Management
    8. Public Key Encryption and Signing
      1. The RSA Class
      2. Digital Signing
  23. 22. Advanced Threading
    1. Synchronization Overview
    2. Exclusive Locking
      1. The lock Statement
      2. Monitor.Enter and Monitor.Exit
      3. Choosing the Synchronization Object
      4. When to Lock
      5. Locking and Atomicity
      6. Nested Locking
      7. Deadlocks
      8. Performance
      9. Mutex
    3. Locking and Thread Safety
      1. Thread Safety and .NET Framework Types
      2. Thread Safety in Application Servers
      3. Immutable Objects
    4. Nonexclusive Locking
      1. Semaphore
      2. Reader/Writer Locks
    5. Signaling with Event Wait Handles
      1. AutoResetEvent
      2. ManualResetEvent
      3. CountdownEvent
      4. Creating a Cross-Process EventWaitHandle
      5. Wait Handles and Continuations
      6. Converting Wait Handles to Tasks
      7. WaitAny, WaitAll, and SignalAndWait
    6. The Barrier Class
    7. Lazy Initialization
      1. Lazy<T>
      2. LazyInitializer
    8. Thread-Local Storage
      1. [ThreadStatic]
      2. ThreadLocal<T>
      3. GetData and SetData
    9. Interrupt and Abort
    10. Suspend and Resume
    11. Timers
      1. Multithreaded Timers
      2. Single-Threaded Timers
  24. 23. Parallel Programming
    1. Why PFX?
      1. PFX Concepts
      2. PFX Components
      3. When to Use PFX
    2. PLINQ
      1. Parallel Execution Ballistics
      2. PLINQ and Ordering
      3. PLINQ Limitations
      4. Example: Parallel Spellchecker
      5. Functional Purity
      6. Setting the Degree of Parallelism
      7. Cancellation
      8. Optimizing PLINQ
    3. The Parallel Class
      1. Parallel.Invoke
      2. Parallel.For and Parallel.ForEach
    4. Task Parallelism
      1. Creating and Starting Tasks
      2. Waiting on Multiple Tasks
      3. Canceling Tasks
      4. Continuations
      5. Task Schedulers
      6. TaskFactory
    5. Working with AggregateException
      1. Flatten and Handle
    6. Concurrent Collections
      1. IProducerConsumerCollection<T>
      2. ConcurrentBag<T>
    7. BlockingCollection<T>
      1. Writing a Producer/Consumer Queue
  25. 24. Application Domains
    1. Application Domain Architecture
    2. Creating and Destroying Application Domains
    3. Using Multiple Application Domains
    4. Using DoCallBack
    5. Monitoring Application Domains
    6. Domains and Threads
    7. Sharing Data Between Domains
      1. Sharing Data via Slots
      2. Intra-Process Remoting
      3. Isolating Types and Assemblies
  26. 25. Native and COM Interoperability
    1. Calling into Native DLLs
    2. Type Marshaling
      1. Marshaling Common Types
      2. Marshaling Classes and Structs
      3. In and Out Marshaling
    3. Callbacks from Unmanaged Code
    4. Simulating a C Union
    5. Shared Memory
    6. Mapping a Struct to Unmanaged Memory
      1. fixed and fixed {...}
    7. COM Interoperability
      1. The Purpose of COM
      2. The Basics of the COM Type System
    8. Calling a COM Component from C#
      1. Optional Parameters and Named Arguments
      2. Implicit ref Parameters
      3. Indexers
      4. Dynamic Binding
    9. Embedding Interop Types
      1. Type Equivalence
    10. Primary Interop Assemblies
    11. Exposing C# Objects to COM
  27. 26. Regular Expressions
    1. Regular Expression Basics
      1. Compiled Regular Expressions
      2. RegexOptions
      3. Character Escapes
      4. Character Sets
    2. Quantifiers
      1. Greedy Versus Lazy Quantifiers
    3. Zero-Width Assertions
      1. Lookahead and Lookbehind
      2. Anchors
      3. Word Boundaries
    4. Groups
      1. Named Groups
    5. Replacing and Splitting Text
      1. MatchEvaluator Delegate
      2. Splitting Text
    6. Cookbook Regular Expressions
      1. Recipes
    7. Regular Expressions Language Reference
  28. 27. The Roslyn Compiler
    1. Roslyn Architecture
      1. Workspaces
    2. Syntax Trees
      1. SyntaxTree Structure
      2. Obtaining a Syntax Tree
      3. Traversing and Searching a Tree
      4. Trivia
      5. Transforming a Syntax Tree
    3. Compilations and Semantic Models
      1. Creating a Compilation
      2. Emitting an Assembly
      3. Querying the Semantic Model
      4. Example: Renaming a Symbol
  29. Index

Product information

  • Title: C# 7.0 in a Nutshell
  • Author(s): Joseph Albahari, Ben Albahari
  • Release date: October 2017
  • Publisher(s): O'Reilly Media, Inc.
  • ISBN: 9781491987650