C++ How to Program, 10/e

... is declared. A local variable’s declaration must appear before the variable is used; otherwise, a compilation error occurs. Variable grade—declared in the body of the while loop—can be used only in that block.

Initialization Phase: Initializing Variables total and gradeCounter

Lines 8–9 declare and initialize total to 0 and gradeCounter to 1. These initializations occur before the variables are used in calculations.

Error-Prevention Tip 4.2

Initialize each total and counter, either in its declaration or in an assignment statement. Totals are normally initialized to 0. Counters are normally initialized to 0 or 1, depending on how they’re used (we’ll ...