Chapter 1. Introduction
A big program is made up of many small modules. These modules provide the functions, procedures, and data structures used in the program. Ideally, most of these modules are ready-made and come from libraries; only those that are specific to the application at hand need to be written from scratch. Assuming that library code has been tested thoroughly, only the application-specific code will contain bugs, and debugging can be confined to just that code.
Unfortunately, this theoretical ideal rarely occurs in practice. Most programs are written from scratch, and they use libraries only for the lowest level facilities, such as I/O and memory management. Programmers often write application-specific code for even these kinds of ...
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