C++ Primer, Fifth Edition

14.8.3. Callable Objects and function

C++ has several kinds of callable objects: functions and pointers to functions, lambdas (§ 10.3.2, p. 388), objects created by bind (§ 10.3.4, p. 397), and classes that overload the function-call operator.

Like any other object, a callable object has a type. For example, each lambda has its own unique (unnamed) class type. Function and function-pointer types vary by their return type and argument types, and so on.

However, two callable objects with different types may share the same call signature. The call signature specifies the type returned by a call to the object and the argument type(s) that must be passed in the call. A call signature corresponds to a function type. For example:

int(int, int)

is a ...