1.3. Sampling Frameworks
Categorical data arise from different sampling frameworks. The nature of the sampling framework determines the assumptions that can be made for the statistical analyses and in turn influences the type of analysis that can be applied. The sampling framework also determines the type of inference that is possible. Study populations are limited to target populations, those populations to which inferences can be made, by assumptions justified by the sampling framework.
Generally, data fall into one of three sampling frameworks: historical data, experimental data, and sample survey data. Historical data are observational data, which means that the study population has a geographic or circumstantial definition. These may include ...
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