O'Reilly logo

Stay ahead with the world's most comprehensive technology and business learning platform.

With Safari, you learn the way you learn best. Get unlimited access to videos, live online training, learning paths, books, tutorials, and more.

Start Free Trial

No credit card required

CCNA® Wireless Study Guide

CCNA® Wireless Study Guide

by Todd Lammle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date: July 2010
ISBN: 9780470527658
View table of contents
Start reading

Book Description

A complete guide to the CCNA Wireless exam by leading networking authority Todd Lammle

The CCNA Wireless certification is the most respected entry-level certification in this rapidly growing field. Todd Lammle is the undisputed authority on networking, and this book focuses exclusively on the skills covered in this Cisco certification exam.

The CCNA Wireless Study Guide joins the popular Sybex study guide family and helps network administrators advance their careers with a highly desirable certification.

  • The CCNA Wireless certification is the most respected entry-level wireless certification for system administrators looking to advance their careers

  • Written by Todd Lammle, the leading networking guru and author of numerous bestselling certification guides

  • Provides in-depth coverage of every exam objective and the technology developed by Cisco for wireless networking

  • Covers WLAN fundamentals, installing a basic Cisco wireless LAN and wireless clients, and implementing WLAN security

  • Explains the operation of basic WCS, basic WLAN maintenance, and troubleshooting

  • Companion CD includes the Sybex Test Engine, flashcards, and entire book in PDF format

  • Includes hands-on labs, end-of-chapter review questions, Exam Essentials overview, Real World Scenarios, and a tear-out objective map showing where each exam objective is covered

The CCNA Wireless Study Guide prepares any network administrator for exam success.

Table of Contents

  1. Copyright
  2. Dear Reader,
  3. Acknowledgments
  4. About the author
  5. Introduction
      1. Cisco's Wireless Certifications
      2. What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA Wireless?
      3. How Do You Become a CCNA Wireless?
    2. What Does This Book Cover?
    3. How to Use This Book
      1. Todd Lammle Videos and Audios
    4. What's on the CD?
      1. The Sybex Test Preparation Software
      2. Electronic Flashcards for the PC
      3. CCNA Wireless Study Guide (640-721) in PDF
    5. Where Do You Take the Exams?
    6. Tips for Taking Your CCNA Wireless Exam
    7. How to Contact the Author
    8. Assessment Test
    9. Answers to Assessment Test
  6. 1. Wireless Networks and Topologies
    1. 1.1. Wireless Networks
      1. 1.1.1. Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
      2. 1.1.2. Wireless LAN (WLAN)
      3. 1.1.3. Wireless Metro Area Network (WMAN)
      4. 1.1.4. Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
    2. 1.2. Basic Wireless Devices
      1. 1.2.1. Wireless Access Points
      2. 1.2.2. Wireless Network Interface Card (NIC)
      3. 1.2.3. Wireless Antennas
    3. 1.3. Wireless Topologies
      1. 1.3.1. Independent Basic Service Set (Ad Hoc)
      2. 1.3.2. Basic Service Set (BSS)
      3. 1.3.3. Infrastructure Basic Service Set
      4. 1.3.4. Service Set ID
      5. 1.3.5. Extended Service Set
      6. 1.3.6. Workgroup Bridge
      7. 1.3.7. Repeaters
      8. 1.3.8. Bridging
      9. 1.3.9. Mesh Networks
    4. 1.4. Switching
    5. 1.5. VLAN Memberships
      1. 1.5.1. Static VLANs
      2. 1.5.2. Dynamic VLANs
      3. 1.5.3. Types of Switch Ports
        1. 1.5.3.1. Access Ports
        2. 1.5.3.2. Voice Access Ports
        3. 1.5.3.3. Trunk Ports
      4. 1.5.4. Frame Tagging
      5. 1.5.5. VLAN Trunking Protocols
        1. 1.5.5.1. Inter-Switch Link (ISL)
        2. 1.5.5.2. IEEE 802.1Q
    6. 1.6. Configuring VLANs
      1. 1.6.1. Assigning Switch Ports to VLANs
      2. 1.6.2. Configuring Trunk Ports
        1. 1.6.2.1. Trunking with Switches That Support ISL and 802.1Q
        2. 1.6.2.2. Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk
        3. 1.6.2.3. Changing or Modifying the Trunk Native VLAN
    7. 1.7. Summary
    8. 1.8. Exam Essentials
    9. 1.9. Written Lab
    10. 1.10. Review Questions
    11. 1.11. Answers to Review Questions
    12. 1.12. Answers to Written Lab
  7. 2. Wlan RF Fundamentals
    1. 2.1. Introducing Radio Frequency (RF)
      1. 2.1.1. RF Basics
      2. 2.1.2. Radio Frequency Behaviors
        1. 2.1.2.1. Free Space Path Loss
        2. 2.1.2.2. Absorption
        3. 2.1.2.3. Reflection
        4. 2.1.2.4. Multipath
        5. 2.1.2.5. Refraction
        6. 2.1.2.6. Diffraction
        7. 2.1.2.7. Scattering
      3. 2.1.3. RF Operational Requirements
        1. 2.1.3.1. Line of Sight
        2. 2.1.3.2. Fresnel Zone
        3. 2.1.3.3. RSSI and SNR
    2. 2.2. RF Math
      1. 2.2.1. RF Values
        1. 2.2.1.1. Absolute Measurements
        2. 2.2.1.2. Relative Measurements
          1. 2.2.1.2.1. Gain and Antennas
      2. 2.2.2. Rule of 3s and 10s
        1. 2.2.2.1. EIRP
    3. 2.3. WLAN Antennas
      1. 2.3.1. Antenna Principles
      2. 2.3.2. Polarization
      3. 2.3.3. Diversity
      4. 2.3.4. Antenna Types
        1. 2.3.4.1. Omnidirectional
        2. 2.3.4.2. Dipole
        3. 2.3.4.3. Ceiling Mount
        4. 2.3.4.4. Mast Mount
        5. 2.3.4.5. Dual Patch
      5. 2.3.5. Semidirectional
        1. 2.3.5.1. Patch
        2. 2.3.5.2. Yagi
      6. 2.3.6. Highly Directional
        1. 2.3.6.1. Parabolic Dish
      7. 2.3.7. Antenna Accessories
        1. 2.3.7.1. Attenuators
        2. 2.3.7.2. Amplifiers
        3. 2.3.7.3. Lightning Arrestors
        4. 2.3.7.4. Splitters
        5. 2.3.7.5. Cables and Connectors
    4. 2.4. Summary
    5. 2.5. Exam Essentials
    6. 2.6. Written Lab
    7. 2.7. Review Questions
    8. 2.8. Answers to Review Questions
    9. 2.9. Answers to Written Lab
  8. 3. Spread Spectrum Technologies and Modulations
    1. 3.1. Transmission Methods: An Overview
    2. 3.2. Spread Spectrum
      1. 3.2.1. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
        1. 3.2.1.1. Encoding and Modulation
      2. 3.2.2. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
        1. 3.2.2.1. DSSS Modulation
      3. 3.2.3. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
        1. 3.2.3.1. Subchannels
        2. 3.2.3.2. Encoding and Modulation with OFDM
        3. 3.2.3.3. Applications
      4. 3.2.4. Channel Management and Overlap
        1. 3.2.4.1. 2.4GHz Band
        2. 3.2.4.2. 5GHz Band
      5. 3.2.5. Channel Overlap Techniques
        1. 3.2.5.1. Multiple APs, Same Area
    3. 3.3. Summary
    4. 3.4. Exam Essentials
    5. 3.5. Written Lab
    6. 3.6. Review Questions
    7. 3.7. Answers to Review Questions
    8. 3.8. Answers to Written Lab
  9. 4. Wireless Regulation Bodies, Standards, and Certifications
    1. 4.1. Wireless Regulations
      1. 4.1.1. IEEE 802.11 Transmission
      2. 4.1.2. Unlicensed Bands
    2. 4.2. IEEE Wireless
      1. 4.2.1. 2.4GHz (802.11b)
      2. 4.2.2. 2.4GHz (802.11g)
      3. 4.2.3. 5GHz (802.11a)
      4. 4.2.4. 5GHz (802.11h)
      5. 4.2.5. 2.4GHz/5GHz (802.11n)
    3. 4.3. Wireless Frames
      1. 4.3.1. CSMA/CA
        1. 4.3.1.1. The Frame Transmission Fails
        2. 4.3.1.2. The Frame Transmission Is Successful—What's Next?
      2. 4.3.2. Three Frames Types
      3. 4.3.3. A Closer Look at Management Frames
        1. 4.3.3.1. Beacon Frames
        2. 4.3.3.2. Probes
        3. 4.3.3.3. Authentication/Association Request
        4. 4.3.3.4. Deauthentication, Disassociation, and Reassociation Message
      4. 4.3.4. A Closer Look at Control Frames
        1. 4.3.4.1. Power Save Mode (PS-Poll)
    4. 4.4. Nonstandard Wireless Technologies
      1. 4.4.1. Bluetooth
      2. 4.4.2. Cordless Phones
      3. 4.4.3. ZigBee
      4. 4.4.4. Non-802.11 Interfering Devices
      5. 4.4.5. WiMAX
    5. 4.5. Summary
    6. 4.6. Exam Essentials
    7. 4.7. Written Lab
    8. 4.8. Review Questions
    9. 4.9. Answers to Review Questions
    10. 4.10. Answers to Written Lab
  10. 5. Introduction to Wireless Security
    1. 5.1. Wireless Threats
      1. 5.1.1. Rogue APs
        1. 5.1.1.1. Mitigation
      2. 5.1.2. Ad Hoc Networks
        1. 5.1.2.1. Mitigation
      3. 5.1.3. Denial of Service
        1. 5.1.3.1. Mitigation
          1. 5.1.3.1.1. Infrastructure Mode
          2. 5.1.3.1.2. Client Mode
      4. 5.1.4. Passive Attacks
        1. 5.1.4.1. Mitigation
      5. 5.1.5. Open Access
    2. 5.2. Security Measures
      1. 5.2.1. Service Set Identifiers (SSIDs) and Media Access Control (MAC) Address Authentication
      2. 5.2.2. Authentication
        1. 5.2.2.1. Authentication Methods
          1. 5.2.2.1.1. Open and Shared Authentication
          2. 5.2.2.1.2. EAP
          3. 5.2.2.1.3. Local EAP
          4. 5.2.2.1.4. Certificates and PKI
          5. 5.2.2.1.5. EAP-TLS
          6. 5.2.2.1.6. EAP-FAST
          7. 5.2.2.1.7. PEAP
          8. 5.2.2.1.8. LEAP
        2. 5.2.2.2. 802.1X
          1. 5.2.2.2.1. RADIUS and AAA
          2. 5.2.2.2.2. Supplicant, Authenticator, and the Authentication Server
      3. 5.2.3. Encryption
        1. 5.2.3.1. Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Encryption
        2. 5.2.3.2. Key Management
          1. 5.2.3.2.1. Common Keys
          2. 5.2.3.2.2. Individual Keys
        3. 5.2.3.3. Encryption Methods
          1. 5.2.3.3.1. RC4 and Static Keys
          2. 5.2.3.3.2. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)
          3. 5.2.3.3.3. AES
      4. 5.2.4. Centralized Key Management
      5. 5.2.5. Implementation Standards
        1. 5.2.5.1. WPA and WPA2: An Overview
        2. 5.2.5.2. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
        3. 5.2.5.3. WPA2 Enterprise
        4. 5.2.5.4. 802.11i
    3. 5.3. Summary
    4. 5.4. Exam Essentials
    5. 5.5. Written Lab
    6. 5.6. Review Questions
    7. 5.7. Answers to Review Questions
    8. 5.8. Answers to Written Lab
  11. 6. Wireless Clients and Cisco Extension (CCX)
    1. 6.1. Wireless Clients
      1. 6.1.1. Windows XP
        1. 6.1.1.1. Creating Profiles
        2. 6.1.1.2. Preferred Networks
      2. 6.1.2. Windows Vista
        1. 6.1.2.1. Preferred Networks
        2. 6.1.2.2. Profile Creation
      3. 6.1.3. Windows 7
      4. 6.1.4. Apple
      5. 6.1.5. Linux
    2. 6.2. Cisco's Supplicants
      1. 6.2.1. Cisco ADU
        1. 6.2.1.1. Installation
        2. 6.2.1.2. Profile Creation
        3. 6.2.1.3. Security in ADU
    3. 6.3. Cisco Secure Services Client
      1. 6.3.1. Installation
        1. 6.3.1.1. Creating Profiles
    4. 6.4. Cisco-Compatible Extensions
      1. 6.4.1. CCX Versions 1 Through 5
        1. 6.4.1.1. Version 1
        2. 6.4.1.2. Version 2
        3. 6.4.1.3. Version 3
        4. 6.4.1.4. Version 4
        5. 6.4.1.5. Version 5
    5. 6.5. Summary
    6. 6.6. Exam Essentials
    7. 6.7. Written Lab
    8. 6.8. Hands-on Labs
      1. 6.8.1. Hands-on Lab 6.1: Installing the ADU
      2. 6.8.2. Hands-on Lab 6.2: Creating a Profile
    9. 6.9. Review Questions
    10. 6.10. Answers to Review Questions
    11. 6.11. Answers to Written Lab
  12. 7. Introduction to the Cisco Unified Wireless Network (CUWN)
    1. 7.1. WLAN Deployment Models
      1. 7.1.1. Stand-alone Model
      2. 7.1.2. Lightweight Model
        1. 7.1.2.1. Split MAC
        2. 7.1.2.2. Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP)
    2. 7.2. Cisco Unified Network Devices
      1. 7.2.1. Access Points
      2. 7.2.2. Wireless LAN Controllers
      3. 7.2.3. Wireless Control Systems
    3. 7.3. Lightweight AP Operation and Maintenance
      1. 7.3.1. AP Discovery and Association
        1. 7.3.1.1. Discovery Phase
        2. 7.3.1.2. Join Phase
        3. 7.3.1.3. Image Data State
      2. 7.3.2. Redundancy
        1. 7.3.2.1. N+1 Solution
        2. 7.3.2.2. N+N Solution
        3. 7.3.2.3. N+N+1 Solution
      3. 7.3.3. AP Modes
        1. 7.3.3.1. Local Mode
        2. 7.3.3.2. Monitor Mode
        3. 7.3.3.3. Sniffer Mode
        4. 7.3.3.4. Rogue Detection Mode
        5. 7.3.3.5. H-REAP Mode
        6. 7.3.3.6. Bridge Mode
    4. 7.4. Roaming
      1. 7.4.1. Mobility Groups
      2. 7.4.2. Layer 2 and Layer 3 Roaming
    5. 7.5. Radio Resource Management
    6. 7.6. Summary
    7. 7.7. Exam Essentials
    8. 7.8. Written Lab
    9. 7.9. Review Questions
    10. 7.10. Answers to Review Questions
    11. 7.11. Answers to Written Lab
  13. 8. Introduction to the Cisco Mobility Express Wireless Architecture
    1. 8.1. Cisco Mobility Express
      1. 8.1.1. Small Business Communication System
      2. 8.1.2. Express Wireless Architecture
        1. 8.1.2.1. 521 Series Express AP
        2. 8.1.2.2. 526 Series Express WLC
      3. 8.1.3. Cisco Mobility Express vs. CUWN Features Comparison
    2. 8.2. Using the Cisco Configuration Assistant
      1. 8.2.1. The Discovery Process with the CCA
      2. 8.2.2. Configuring the Express 526WLC Without the CCA
    3. 8.3. Summary
    4. 8.4. Exam Essentials
    5. 8.5. Written Lab
    6. 8.6. Hands-On Labs
      1. 8.6.1. Hands-on Lab 8.1: Installing the CCA and Connecting to the 526WLC
      2. 8.6.2. Hands-on Lab 8.2: Connecting Directly to the 526WLC Through the Management Port
    7. 8.7. Review Questions
    8. 8.8. Answers to Review Questions
    9. 8.9. Answers to Written Lab
  14. 9. Installing the Cisco Unified Wireless Network (CUWN)
    1. 9.1. Understanding Controller Interfaces
      1. 9.1.1. Ports
      2. 9.1.2. Types of Interfaces
        1. 9.1.2.1. Static Interfaces
        2. 9.1.2.2. Dynamic Interfaces
        3. 9.1.2.3. Configuration
          1. 9.1.2.3.1. Static Interfaces
          2. 9.1.2.3.2. Dynamic Interfaces
    2. 9.2. WLC Management
      1. 9.2.1. Initial Setup Options
        1. 9.2.1.1. CLI
          1. 9.2.1.1.1. Initial Configuration
          2. 9.2.1.1.2. CLI Command Set
          3. 9.2.1.1.3. Controller Boot Options
        2. 9.2.1.2. Initial Configuration with the Web Interface
          1. 9.2.1.2.1. Web Wizard Configuration Tool
        3. 9.2.1.3. Ongoing Administration with Web Interface
          1. 9.2.1.3.1. Creating Accounts
          2. 9.2.1.3.2. Administration via Wireless
          3. 9.2.1.3.3. Creating WLANs
    3. 9.3. Managing Stand-alone APs
      1. 9.3.1. Connecting To and Managing a Stand-alone AP
      2. 9.3.2. Express Setup and Security
      3. 9.3.3. Migrating Stand-alone APs
        1. 9.3.3.1. Using a Conversion Utility
    4. 9.4. Using a WCS for Migration Using a Template
      1. 9.4.1. Reverting Back to Cisco IOS
    5. 9.5. Summary
    6. 9.6. Exam Essentials
    7. 9.7. Written Lab
    8. 9.8. Hands-On Labs
      1. 9.8.1. Lab 9.1: Performing the Initial Setup via the Service Port
      2. 9.8.2. Lab 9.2: Creating a WLAN
      3. 9.8.3. Lab 9.3: Performing the Initial Setup via the Serial Port
      4. 9.8.4. Lab 9.4: Adding an Administrative User on the WLC
      5. 9.8.5. Lab 9.5: Executing the Express Setup on a Stand-alone AP
    9. 9.9. Review Questions
    10. 9.10. Answers to Review Questions
    11. 9.11. Answers to Written Lab
  15. 10. Configuring Wireless Security on the CUWN
    1. 10.1. Security and the Connection Process
    2. 10.2. Configuring Security on the WLC
      1. 10.2.1. Settings per WLAN
        1. 10.2.1.1. Layer 2
          1. 10.2.1.1.1. Static WEP
          2. 10.2.1.1.2. 802.1X
          3. 10.2.1.1.3. 802.1X+Static WEP
          4. 10.2.1.1.4. WPA+WPA2
        2. 10.2.1.2. Layer 3
          1. 10.2.1.2.1. Web Authentication
          2. 10.2.1.2.2. Customizing the Web Login
        3. 10.2.1.3. AAA Servers
      2. 10.2.2. Global Settings
    3. 10.3. Configuring the Clients
      1. 10.3.1. Windows Zero Configuration
        1. 10.3.1.1. Association Tab
        2. 10.3.1.2. Authentication Tab
          1. 10.3.1.2.1. Properties of Smart Card or Certificate
          2. 10.3.1.2.2. Protected EAP Properties
      2. 10.3.2. Linux Network Manager
      3. 10.3.3. Mac AirPort Extreme
      4. 10.3.4. Cisco ADU
    4. 10.4. Summary
    5. 10.5. Exam Essentials
    6. 10.6. Written Lab
    7. 10.7. Hands-On Labs
      1. 10.7.1. Lab 10.1: Configuring the WLC for WPA PSK
      2. 10.7.2. Lab 10.2: Configuring the WLC for 802.1X
    8. 10.8. Review Questions
    9. 10.9. Answers to Review Questions
    10. 10.10. Answers to Written Lab
  16. 11. Wireless Control System (WCS)
    1. 11.1. Basics of WCS
      1. 11.1.1. WCS Versions
      2. 11.1.2. WCS Licensing
        1. 11.1.2.1. SKU Families
        2. 11.1.2.2. Cisco Spectrum Intelligence Licenses
          1. 11.1.2.2.1. WCS-ADV-K9
          2. 11.1.2.2.2. WCS-ADV-SI-SE-10
    2. 11.2. Cisco WCS Navigator
    3. 11.3. Installing and Upgrading WCS
      1. 11.3.1. Configuring Ports
      2. 11.3.2. Performing a New WCS Install
      3. 11.3.3. Upgrading WCS
      4. 11.3.4. Verifying the Upgrade/Installation
    4. 11.4. Basic WCS Setup
      1. 11.4.1. Configuring Passwords
    5. 11.5. Administration Tasks
      1. 11.5.1. Background Tasks
      2. 11.5.2. AAA
        1. 11.5.2.1. Auditing
        2. 11.5.2.2. Managing Logs
        3. 11.5.2.3. Alerts
        4. 11.5.2.4. User Preferences
      3. 11.5.3. Configuring WLCs and APs
      4. 11.5.4. Managing the Controllers
        1. 11.5.4.1. Setting Up APs
          1. 11.5.4.1.1. Creating Controller Groups
        2. 11.5.4.2. Audits
        3. 11.5.4.3. Auto Provisioning
    6. 11.6. Configuring Maps
      1. 11.6.1. Setting Up Campus Maps
      2. 11.6.2. Setting Up Building Maps
      3. 11.6.3. Setting Up Floor Plan Maps
      4. 11.6.4. Setting Up APs on Maps
        1. 11.6.4.1. Planning Tool
    7. 11.7. Monitoring the CUWN with WCS
      1. 11.7.1. Personalizing the Home Page
      2. 11.7.2. Using the Monitor Tab
        1. 11.7.2.1. Monitoring Controllers
        2. 11.7.2.2. Monitoring APs
        3. 11.7.2.3. Monitoring Clients
        4. 11.7.2.4. Monitoring Security
        5. 11.7.2.5. Monitoring Alarms
    8. 11.8. Monitoring Events
    9. 11.9. Locating Devices
    10. 11.10. Summary
    11. 11.11. Exam Essentials
    12. 11.12. Written Lab
    13. 11.13. Hands-On Labs
      1. 11.13.1. Lab 11.1: Installing the WCS
      2. 11.13.2. Lab 11.2: Creating an Administrative Account
    14. 11.14. Review Questions
    15. 11.15. Answers to Review Questions
    16. 11.16. Answers to Written Lab
  17. 12. Wlan Maintenance and Troubleshooting
    1. 12.1. Basic Troubleshooting Methods
      1. 12.1.1. WLCs
      2. 12.1.2. APs
      3. 12.1.3. Clients
        1. 12.1.3.1. Physical Issues
          1. 12.1.3.1.1. Distance
          2. 12.1.3.1.2. Hidden Node
          3. 12.1.3.1.3. Exposed Node
          4. 12.1.3.1.4. Near-Far
        2. 12.1.3.2. Configuration Issues
        3. 12.1.3.3. Performance Issues
    2. 12.2. Troubleshooting Tools
      1. 12.2.1. Troubleshooting a Client Association with a WLAN Analyzer
      2. 12.2.2. GUI Tools on the WLC
      3. 12.2.3. GUI Tools on the WCS
    3. 12.3. WLC CLI Troubleshooting
      1. 12.3.1. debug Commands
        1. 12.3.1.1. debug dot11
        2. 12.3.1.2. debug dhcp
        3. 12.3.1.3. debug dot1x and debug aaa
        4. 12.3.1.4. debug lwapp events enable
      2. 12.3.2. show Commands
      3. 12.3.3. Logging
        1. 12.3.3.1. Using a Syslog Server
        2. 12.3.3.2. SNMP
    4. 12.4. RF Deployment Considerations
      1. 12.4.1. Interference Sources
        1. 12.4.1.1. Passive Sources
        2. 12.4.1.2. Active Sources
          1. 12.4.1.2.1. Microwave Ovens
          2. 12.4.1.2.2. Bluetooth Devices
          3. 12.4.1.2.3. Wireless Phones
          4. 12.4.1.2.4. Analog Cameras
      2. 12.4.2. Conducting the All-Important Site Survey
        1. 12.4.2.1. Providing Capacity
        2. 12.4.2.2. Overlap Issues
        3. 12.4.2.3. VoWLAN
        4. 12.4.2.4. Multiple Floors
        5. 12.4.2.5. Location-Based WLAN
        6. 12.4.2.6. Site Survey Tools
    5. 12.5. WLC and WCS Configuration and OS Files
      1. 12.5.1. Code Upgrades
        1. 12.5.1.1. Controller Code Upgrades
        2. 12.5.1.2. WCS Code Upgrade
      2. 12.5.2. WLC Configuration Backups
        1. 12.5.2.1. Viewing the Configuration and Controller State
      3. 12.5.3. Collecting Information on the APs
        1. 12.5.3.1. Configuring the APs
    6. 12.6. WLC Access Methods
      1. 12.6.1. GUI
      2. 12.6.2. CLI
        1. 12.6.2.1. Telnet
        2. 12.6.2.2. SSH
        3. 12.6.2.3. Enabling Telnet and SSH Sessions
    7. 12.7. Summary
    8. 12.8. Exam Essentials
    9. 12.9. Written Lab
    10. 12.10. Hands-On Labs
      1. 12.10.1. Lab 12.1: Upgrading the Code Version on the WCS
      2. 12.10.2. Lab 12.2: Performing a Manual Backup of the WCS Database
      3. 12.10.3. Lab 12.3: Performing a Controller Code Update
    11. 12.11. Review Questions
    12. 12.12. Answers to Review Questions
    13. 12.13. Answers to Written Lab
  18. A. About the Companion CD
    1. A.1. What You'll Find on the CD
      1. A.1.1. Sybex Test Engine
      2. A.1.2. Electronic Flashcards
      3. A.1.3. PDF of the Book
      4. A.1.4. Adobe Reader
    2. A.2. System Requirements
    3. A.3. Using the CD
    4. A.4. Troubleshooting
      1. A.4.1. Customer Care
  19. Glossary