CCNP Practical Studies: Troubleshooting

Standards and Protocols

Communication rules are referred to as standards and protocols. Playing with the right rules to the game normally means you are more apt to communicate well in the networking game. Standards are rules, conditions, and requirements that can be de jure, de facto, proprietary, or open. De jure standards are official; by legislation they are endorsed by a standards body, such as those listed in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1. Standards Bodies

Standards Body	Acronym	Examples
American National Standards Institute www.ansi.org	ANSI	C Cobol Fortran X3T9.5
International Telecommunication Union www.itu.int	ITU	V.22 V.32 V.34 V.42
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers standards.ieee.org www.ieee.org	IEEE	802.2 LLC[*] 802.3 Ethernet 802.5 Token ...