Ping
A common command, which you can use to check network connectivity, is the ping command. If you recall from Chapter 1, a successful ping indicates that Layer 1, 2, and 3 of the OSI model are functioning, and so you can focus your attention on higher OSI layers. The same holds true in reverse with an unsuccessful ping. If it is unsuccessful, you focus your troubleshooting on the lower layers of the OSI model.
A basic ping command sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo messages to a specified destination. For every ICMP echo reply received from that specified destination, an exclamation point appears in the output, as shown in ...
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