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(11)

where ${\mathbf{S}}_{i}$ is the encoder state after the encoding of bit ${d}_{i}$.

The LLR of bit ${d}_{i}$ can then be expressed as

$\mathrm{\Lambda }\left({d}_{i}\right)=\mathrm{ln}\frac{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{m}{\lambda }_{i}^{1}\left(m\right)}{{\mathrm{\Sigma }}_{m}{\lambda }_{i}^{0}\left(m\right)}\text{.}$ (12)

(12)

For the code of Figure 26, $\mathrm{\Lambda }\left({d}_{i}\right)$ is written as

$\mathrm{\Lambda }\left({d}_{i}\right)=\frac{{\lambda }_{i}^{1}\left(0\right)+{\lambda }_{i}^{1}\left(1\right)+{\lambda }_{i}^{1}\left(2\right)+{\lambda }_{i}^{1}\left(3\right)}{{\lambda }_{i}^{0}\left(0\right)+{\lambda }_{i}^{0}\left(1\right)+{\lambda }_{i}^{0}\left(}$

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