“Surely it is not knowledge, but learning; not owning but earning; not being there, but getting there; that gives us the greatest pleasure.”
—Carl Friedrich Gauss, 1777–1855, Mathematician
I. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND FLUID PROPERTIES
What is a fluid? It isn’t a solid, but what is a solid? Perhaps it is easier to define these materials in terms of how they respond (i.e., deform or flow) when subjected to an applied force in a specific situation, such as simple shear illustrated in Figure 3.1 (which is virtually identical to Figure 1.1). We envision the material contained between two large parallel plates of area Ay, the bottom one being fixed and the upper one subject to a tangential force Fx in ...
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