Chapter 5
Transformations and Chemical Processes in Mechanical, Geothermal, and Ocean Energy Systems
The various forms of energy that are the focus of this chapter have been utilized by humankind for centuries, and possibly millennia. Wind energy and hydropower have been harnessed to pump water, grind grains, and drive machinery for a long time. Wind energy has also been exploited for transportation since ancient times—enabling trade across oceans and intrepid explorers to discover new lands. Geothermal energy has also been employed for direct heating, bathing, and cooking applications. The applications of these forms of energy diminished in the past few centuries as humans learned to harness fossil fuel energy and subsequently generate electricity ...
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