List of Symbols
Roman Symbols
| Symbol | Meaning | Section Reference |
| A | (a) surface area | 4.2.2; 13.3.1 |
| (b) absorbance | 18.3.1 | |
| (c) amplitude of an electromagnetic wave | 18.6.2 | |
| AC | subscript pertaining to alternating current | |
| a | (a) thermodynamic activity | 10.2.1 |
| (b) sensor sensitivity | 1.5 | |
| (c) molar absorptivity | 18.3.1 | |
| (d) the exponent in the expression of CPE impedance | 17.2.1 | |
| b | thickness of a light-absorbing layer | 18.3.1 |
| bipy | 2,2′-bipyridine | |
 |
capacitance | 11.1.3 |
 |
capacitance of the electric double layer | 17.2.2 |
 |
proportionality constant in the Sauerbrey equation | 21.2.3 |
| C0 | static capacitance in the equivalent circuit of a TSM oscillator | 21.2.2 |
 |
capacitance at the motional branch of the equivalent circuit of a TSM piezoelectric oscillator | 21.2.2 |
| c | (a) analyte concentration | 1.5 |
| (b) concentration of the enzyme–substrate complex | 3.6.1 | |
| (c) concentration of the antibody–antigen complex | 6.4 | |
| (d) light velocity in vacuum | 18.1 | |
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concentration of an excited-state ... |
