CMOS Voltage References: An Analytical and Practical Perspective

PREFACE

This book has a genesis: It started as internal training material for engineers working in Canaan Microelectronics Corp. Ltd. It is also a monograph because it presents the outcome of our research and teaching activities in the field of temperature independent circuit design at both the Canaan Microelectronics Corp. Ltd. and the City University of Hong Kong. Many unpublished works are included in this book. Numerous design examples are also presented together with detailed discussions on design principles, performance analysis, and the potential problems of each circuit topology. This book is intended to be course material for senior and graduate level courses, training material for engineers, and also a reference text for readers who are working in the field of temperature independent circuit design.

The book is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter offers an introduction of device physics focusing on the temperature properties of individual devices, which introduces just enough material for voltage reference circuit design and analysis. Details of general device physics may be gathered from existing literature, such as the textbooks by Chenming C. Hu, (Modern Semiconductor Devices for Integrated Circuits, Prentice Hall, 2010), and S.M. Sze, (Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Wiley, 1969) that offer detailed discussions on the device physics for bipolar transistors, MOS transistors, and other passive components manufactured in the CMOS process. Besides the physics, ...